Geek History

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        <title>Geek History</title>
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        <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 20:46:24 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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        <item>
            <title>when-was-internet-invented-jcr-licklider-guides-1960s-arpa-vision</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/when-was-internet-invented-jcr-licklider-guides-1960s-arpa-vision</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 19:27&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;==== Internet visionary J.C.R. Licklider&amp;#160; &amp;quot;Computing&amp;#039;s Johnny Appleseed&amp;quot; ====&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;==&lt;/strong&gt;==== Internet visionary J.C.R. Licklider&amp;#160; &amp;quot;Computing&amp;#039;s Johnny Appleseed&amp;quot; ====&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;==&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;J.C.R. Licklider — Computing’s Johnny Appleseed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, known simply as “Lick,” was a psychologist and computer scientist whose ideas seeded the modern internet. Often called “Computing’s Johnny Appleseed,” he planted the concepts that others later turned into the ARPANET and, eventually, the global network we use today.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, known simply as “Lick,” was a psychologist and computer scientist whose ideas seeded the modern internet. Often called “Computing’s Johnny Appleseed,” he planted the concepts that others later turned into the ARPANET and, eventually, the global network we use today.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 19:36:25 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>how-edison-tesla-and-westinghouse-really-built-the-electric-age</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/how-edison-tesla-and-westinghouse-really-built-the-electric-age</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 12:48&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;- History loves to remember the showman and the visionary who fought the so-called &amp;quot;War of the Currents.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;- History loves to remember the showman and the visionary who fought the so-called &amp;quot;War of the Currents.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;But the man who actually won it... the man whose technology powers our entire world, has been almost completely erased from the story.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;But the man who actually won it... the man whose technology powers our entire world, has been almost completely erased from the story.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;Xh80L0lStF0 |George Westinghouse is the forgotten geek in the War of Currents}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;Xh80L0lStF0 |George Westinghouse is the forgotten geek in the War of Currents}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 61:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 62:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;He came to Pittsburgh in search of steel to manufacture his railroad inventions, and went on to revolutionize railroads, electricity, and labor rights.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;He came to Pittsburgh in search of steel to manufacture his railroad inventions, and went on to revolutionize railroads, electricity, and labor rights.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Yet he remains overshadowed by Edison and Tesla. From inventing the life-saving railroad air brake to defeating Thomas Edison in the War of Currents, Westinghouse’s legacy powers the modern world.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Yet he remains overshadowed by Edison and Tesla. From inventing the life-saving railroad air brake to defeating Thomas Edison in the War of Currents, Westinghouse’s legacy powers the modern world.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;{{youtube&amp;gt;eSEDze0QSV8 | Westinghouse: The Story History Tried to Bury}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;{{youtube&amp;gt;eSEDze0QSV8 | Westinghouse: The Story History Tried to Bury}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 15:20:53 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>start</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/start</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 14:19&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;GeekHistory exists to challenge those oversimplified narratives. We explore the real, nuanced journey of human innovation by following the visionaries, inventors, engineers, entrepreneurs, and forgotten geeks whose ideas built the modern world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;GeekHistory exists to challenge those oversimplified narratives. We explore the real, nuanced journey of human innovation by following the visionaries, inventors, engineers, entrepreneurs, and forgotten geeks whose ideas built the modern world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the biggest misconceptions of any type of history is when a single person is credited for a discovery. We often fail to realize that the discovery was not the work of a single person done in a void of any outside influence.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Technology rarely appears because one person has a brilliant idea one afternoon. Most breakthroughs are evolutionary. Visionaries imagine what could exist. Engineers prove it&amp;#039;s possible. Inventors solve technical problems. Entrepreneurs build industries. By the time the history books are written, most of those contributors have been condensed into a single famous name.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 29:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Defining an invention is a rhetorical question. Let me conclude with my own rhetorical question. Why do we fight over who gets credit for an invention, rather than honor and respect all those who have contributed in turning visions into reality?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Defining an invention is a rhetorical question. Let me conclude with my own rhetorical question. Why do we fight over who gets credit for an invention, rather than honor and respect all those who have contributed in turning visions into reality?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;**Who invented the internet?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;There are so many urban legends and so much folk lore surrounding the internet. I have read so many articles where the history of the internet is so mangled.&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;The&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;internet was an evolution&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;of&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;many different communications and technology tools coming together to create the communications system we now call the internet. There are many key players in this evolution, to give any single one credit for inventing the internet does not do justice to the many contributions that were so significant.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;The&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;goal&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;of&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;GeekHistory**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**Who invented&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;television?**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Technology doesn’t happen overnight. It doesn’t spring fully formed from&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;mind of a single genius. It grows through collaboration, competition, trial, error, and the stubborn persistence of people whose names never make it into the spotlight.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Next to the internet, arguably the next most significant invention, as far as impact on the life of the average American,&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;is&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;the television. But how many Americans can actually tell you who invented it? There are many arguments here as well, as&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;who should get credit for inventing the technology used in&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;first commercial televisions&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;GeekHistory&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;is&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;my attempt&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;correct&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;record&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**The goal&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;of GeekHistory&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;I’ve spent my life working with radios, telecommunications, computers, networks, and the messy evolution&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;of&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;the internet. From Army National Guard radio systems in the 1970s, to my first FCC radiotelephone license, to decades in field service, systems administration, and telecom—I&amp;#039;ve watched technology evolve in real time. I published my first article on PC telecommunications in 1988, taught internet basics in the mid 1990s, and registered&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;GeekHistory&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;.com in 2001 as a place to share the stories behind the technology.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;My goal for my&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;GeekHistory&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;website is&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;increase awareness&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;educate&lt;/strong&gt;, and&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;entertain. We expose myths and misinformation behind urban legends and explore&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;science and technology history when&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;visions&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;became&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;reality.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;I’m not a professor with a research team. I’m one geek who loves history, technology, and myth busting.&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;GeekHistory&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;isn’t meant&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;be an academic archive. It’s meant to spark curiosity&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;challenge assumptions&lt;/strong&gt;, and&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;shine a light on&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;many minds who turned&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;visions&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;into&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;reality.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;My lifelong love of history and technology comes together at GeekHistory.&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;I&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;began working with radios&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;and&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;telecommunications in&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Army National Guard in the 1970s and my first certification was an FCC general class radiotelephone license. A life long evolution from field service technician for various office automation companies through my current career in systems administration and telecommunications has inspired me as a writer and web developer of technology topics&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;The more&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;I&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;learn, the more questions I have—&lt;/strong&gt;and the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;more I want to share&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;My first published article on &amp;quot;PC telecommunications&amp;quot; was in 1988, explaining how&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;use your computer plugged into&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;phonelines to share information.&amp;#160; I started teaching people about how to use the internet when it first went public in the mid 1990s&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Welcome&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;to the&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;journey&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;The idea for the website GeekHistory started out with teaching Internet and browser basics courses in 1996. Even though the internet went commercial in the mid 1990s, I would start each course with a brief history lesson showing the evolution of the internet that started in the 1960s. I registered the domain GeekHistory.com back in 2001. It was just a shell of a website for many years, just an idea bouncing around in my brain.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;I am not a university professor with a team of editors and advisers working with me developing a website. I am one man who loves technology and history and is amazed by how little people know about the great minds in the world of technology. Geek History is not meant to be an authoritative source for technology history. In depth discussions of the technology is kept to a minimum. We are just trying to get you to think about the many amazing people that have contributed to the work of technology.  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;A Voice With a Mission&lt;/strong&gt;.**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;**&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Setting the stage for the journey ahead&lt;/strong&gt;.**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;One of my inspirations for my Guru42 Universe of websites is the Oliver Wendall Holmes quote,&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;Man&amp;#039;s mind once stretched never goes back to its original dimension.&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;The more I learn about geek history, the more questions I have, and the more I want to know.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of my inspirations for my Guru42 Universe of websites is the Oliver Wendall Holmes quote,&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;“&lt;/strong&gt;Man&amp;#039;s mind once stretched never goes back to its original dimension.&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;”&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;The more I learn about geek history, the more questions I have, and the more I want to know&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;I’ve spent decades working in telecom, computing, and internet technology — watching myths form in real time. GeekHistory is my way of pushing back. Not with lectures, but with stories that make you rethink everything you thought you knew about how technology came to be. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;If you’re ready to explore the real origins of the digital world, you’re in the right place. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;That&amp;#039;s what GeekHistory is about. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Looking past the legends. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Following the evidence. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;And giving credit to the people whose ideas helped build the modern world—even if history left them out&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Consider this simply an introduction, for the journey ahead. My perspective of the storyteller may bring a few new insights on the many forgotten geeks, as we explore the origins of all things geek. We&amp;#039;ll take a look at the inventors as much as we do the inventions.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[ReadMe| Read Me First]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[ReadMe| Read Me First]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 14:39:35 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>automotive-innovators-henry-ford-and-ransom-eli-olds - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/automotive-innovators-henry-ford-and-ransom-eli-olds</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Automotive Innovators Henry Ford and Ransom Eli Olds ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Rather than debate the &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; aspect of the automobile, we look at the evolution of the auto industry in America with a comparison of two early innovators and pioneers in the Auto industry, Henry Ford and Ransom Eli Olds. It is a study in innovation, a study of success, and a study of personal drive and entrepreneurial spirit.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Olds Motor Vehicle Company**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In America, Ransom Eli Olds was a true pioneer in the automotive industry, in 1886 he began experimenting with a steam-powered engine and would receive his first patent for a gasoline-powered car.&amp;#160; Olds founded the Olds Motor Vehicle Company to manufacture it in 1897.&amp;#160; In 1899 Olds sold the company to Samuel L. Smith, who relocated the company from&amp;#160; Lansing, Michigan to Detroit. Smith became President while Olds became vice president and general manager.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Ransom Olds is credited with designing the basic concept of the assembly line. By 1901 Olds had built 11 prototype vehicles, including at least one of each power mode: steam, electricity and gasoline. At the Old Motor Works in Detroit he mass produced the Curved Dash Oldsmobile becoming the leading American auto producer from 1901 through 1904.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Most people would recognize the name Ransom Olds as the founder of the more well known brand created by Olds that would become Oldmobile, but his association with that company lasted only a few short years. As Smith&amp;#039;s son Frederic came into the business, he and Olds clashed frequently. Ransom Olds would leave the Olds Motor Works in 1904.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;General Motors purchased the Olds Motor Works in 1908. The Oldsmobile brand was discontinued by General Motors in 2004.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The REO Motor Company**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;After leaving Olds Motor works, Ransom Eli Olds went on to form to the REO Motor Company in Lansing, Michigan in 1905.&amp;#160; By 1907 he had built REO into one of the automotive industry’s leaders. While Ford began modifying technology to produce cheaper vehicles, Ransom Olds favored a bigger, more expensive automobile. Ransom Olds would serve as president of REO Motor Car Company until 1925, and would serve on the board of directors until he stepped away entirely from REO in 1936.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1938 it was reorganized as REO Motors, Inc., a bus and truck company.&amp;#160; REO merged with Diamond T Trucks in 1967 to form Diamond-Reo Trucks. The company went out of business in 1975.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Henry Ford Company and Cadillac**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Detroit Automobile Company was Henry Ford&amp;#039;s first attempt at automobile manufacturing, lasting from only 1899 to 1901. The Henry Ford Company was the second company for Henry Ford, founded November, 1901. Henry Ford was trying to create a name for himself in the auto racing community.&amp;#160; Ford believed having his name associated with a race winning automobile was a valuable asset.&amp;#160; His partners and financial backers, William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen, did not agree, and asked Ford to give up auto racing. Instead Ford walked away from The Henry Ford Company.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;William Murphy and his partners at the Henry Ford Company hired Henry Leland to appraise the company&amp;#039;s factory and other assets to be liquidated. Leland advised Murphy and his partners that should not liquidate the company, and suggested they instead reorganize. The reorganized company was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Cadillac&amp;#039;s first car produced in 1902 was based on Henry Ford&amp;#039;s design and was essentially identical to the 1903 Ford Model A.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leland sold Cadillac to General Motors in 1909, and remained on as an executive until 1917. The company that was born from the reorganized Henry Ford Company continues on today as the Cadillac division of General Motors more than a century later.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Ford Motor Company**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Founded by Henry Ford in 1903, The Ford Motor Company has become one of the world&amp;#039;s largest and most profitable automotve companies over the past century.&amp;#160; As we said in search of the greatest inventors and technology innovators, Henry Ford didn&amp;#039;t invent the assembly line, nor did he invent the concept of an automotive assembly line. Ransom Eli Olds, for whom both the Oldsmobile and REO brands were named, is credited with designing the basic concept of the assembly line. But Henry Ford was the first to use a moving assembly line to manufacture cars. Henry Ford perfected the assembly line producing a entire Model T Ford in 93 minutes. Henry Ford created lower cost automobiles, and created an industry.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Henry Ford and Ransom Eli Olds**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Ransom Olds would be compared to Henry Ford in his invention and innovation in the auto industry.&amp;#160; Henry Ford is the name we all know, but the similarities between Henry Ford and Ransom Eli Olds are pretty interesting. Both men were experimenting with new concepts in automobiles in the late 1890s, both men left the initial companies they created over disputes with management.&amp;#160; The Ford Motor Company was started in 1903, The REO Motor Company in 1905. Both companies were initially successful, but Henry Ford had the personal drive and entrepreneurial spirit that took him beyond just starting up a business. Henry Ford was creating an industry. Ford was an innovator that kept pushing, and succeeding.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We look at Ransom Eli Olds as the forgotten geek in automotive invention much in the same sense that we describe George Westinghouse as a quiet man who avoided the spotlight unlike his rival Thomas Edison. Ransom E. Olds seems to be a quiet and somewhat mysterious figure unlike his rival Henry Ford.&amp;#160; Searching numerous public domain sources for a photo of Ransom Olds only produced the one you see on this article, found at the Library of Congress taken during a 1924 visit to the White House.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Geek History explores automotive innovation and invention**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As we created the Geek History website, some topics were a natural, such as the history of the internet and modern electronics at Silicon Valley. But as we studied Thomas Edison our research became more intertwined with Henry Ford and the automotive industry. we saw that the exploration of automotive innovation and invention was a natural extension of our Geek History website.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Join Geek History as we explore automotive innovation and invention at Altered Automotive.&amp;#160; Learn more about the great automotive inventors like Ford and Olds as we explore the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit and the R.E. Olds Transportation Museum in Lansing, Michigan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 13:01:40 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>you-dont-need-be-genius-know-why-thomas-edison-was-popular - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/you-dont-need-be-genius-know-why-thomas-edison-was-popular</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== You don&amp;#039;t need to be a genius to know why Thomas Edison was popular ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are many theories as to why Thomas Edison was more popular that other inventors of his generation. There is an overwhelming abundance of conspiracy theories on the internet claiming that Edison cheated his contemporary inventor Nikola Tesla out of fame and fortune. Some of the wild stories would have you believe that Edison was the devil. As far as any conspiracy of why Edison is more popular than Tesla, it doesn&amp;#039;t take a genius to figure it out.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Nikola Tesla was fascinated with AC power (alternating current), he is most famous for working with George Westinghouse in the development of AC power distribution. For much of his life Tesla worked alone in laboratories on experiments with alternating current. Edison was popular in the media of his day, and he introduced the world to devices that played music and movies.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Thomas Edison rock star**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Edison was an entertainer who promoted cool toys that entertained the word. In a world long before the internet and television existed, Edison brought us music and movies. At a time when the world was changing rapidly as the industrial age was introducing new technology to everyday life Edison created the image of the mythical inventor. Edison wasn&amp;#039;t working in some cold boring laboratory, he used his image as the great American folk hero to tell people he was creating an invention factory.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the first things created in his invention factory that would make Edison the rock star of the late 19th century would be the phonograph. The first invention of the phonograph was in 1877 while Edison was hoping to create a machine that would transcribe telegraphic messages through indentations on paper tape, which could later be sent over the telegraph repeatedly. Edison made a name for himself as the inventor of the phonograph giving demonstrations of his famous talking machine to the president and the US Congress. Becoming a legendary larger than life folk hero of the 19th century, Edison was dubbed the Wizard of Menlo Park.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Edison sold the rights to his initial creation using a cylinder with tin foil, and various versions of it were not a commercial success.&amp;#160; The phonograph finally would take off when Edison started the National Phonograph Company in 1896, which would manufacture phonographs for home entertainment use. The phonograph was Edison&amp;#039;s life-long personal favorite invention, and he would revisit it many times throughout his lifetime.The concept of the phonograph would evolve over the years, as would Edison and his companies.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1911 the new Edison Disc Phonograph using 10&amp;quot; plastic discs was released.&amp;#160; Edison loved the tinkering and inventing, but he understood that inventing was much more than just having an idea. Edison&amp;#039;s unique mix of genius inventor and shrewd businessman was illustrated with his development of the Edison Disc Phonograph.&amp;#160; Edison was well aware that providing the music people wanted to hear was essential to the success of the Edison Disc Phonograph. Long before commercial radio was popular, and any type of music libraries existed, Edison was creating his own extensive music collection.&amp;#160; From 1912 to 1929 the Edison Diamond Disc catalogs offered recordings of many types of recording from the popular songs of the era to classical tunes. The Edison label contained a vast musical library from instrumental dance music and popular vocals to marimba and Hawaiian songs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Edison would have a performer sing along with a disc recording of their voices and dared the audience to be able to tell the difference. In a publicity stunt known as the Tone Tests performing artists alternating their live performance on a darkened stage with that on the disc, and a live audience was challenged to tell the difference.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Thomas Edison movie producer**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Edison also was involved in developing the concept of movies and motion pictures. One of the more famous films made by Edison Studios was the first motion picture adaptation of Mary Shelley&amp;#039;s Frankenstein. Yes, it was a boring black and white silent film that lasted all of 12 minutes, but we are talking about the year 1910!&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the areas Edison did a lot of work in that does not get much discussion is motion pictures. The first commercially exhibited motion pictures in the United States were from Edison. Thomas Edison himself played no direct part in the making of his studio&amp;#039;s films beyond being the owner. The movie studio created content for his inventions the Kinetoscope motion picture exhibition device and the Kinetograph innovative motion picture camera.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Edison Studios made close to 1,200 films as part of the Edison Manufacturing Company (1894–1911) and then Thomas A. Edison, Inc. (1911–1918) until the studio&amp;#039;s closing in 1918.&amp;#160; The overwhelming majority of the films were very short. One of the more famous films made by Edison Studios was the first motion picture adaptation of Mary Shelley&amp;#039;s Frankenstein. The silent film produced in 1910 has a running time of 12 minutes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the movies produced by Edison&amp;#039;s movie company was cats boxing.&amp;#160; If you find that a bit weird or cruel, Edison&amp;#039;s treatment of household pets would not win him any awards with animal rights activists. Edison often used cats and dogs in his experiments to illustrate the dangers of AC power.&amp;#160; He was also believed to be associated with the public execution of a circus elephant that was sentenced to death.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Who do you think is more popular?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We can remember Nikola Tesla for inventing something called the Tesla Coil. It looks cool in the science lab, but the novelty of a glowing light that shoots sparks wears out quickly at parties.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Edison created the first device that could provide music at our parties, and collected the best music collection of his generation.&amp;#160; The the Edison Diamond Disc catalogs were not exactly iTunes, but still provided for a great party in the early part of the twentieth century.&amp;#160; Edison also was involved in developing the concept of movies and motion pictures.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You don&amp;#039;t need to be Einstein to know why Thomas Edison was so popular. Much like the modern-day geek cult heroes like Steve Jobs, Edison became a wealthy man finding new ways to get wealthier by producing cool toys that he could sell to the public. Thomas Edison was a lunatic at times, but long before we had iTunes, Edison realized the importance of a good music library.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 12:42:03 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>japanese-spacelab-first-african-american-woman-astronaut</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/japanese-spacelab-first-african-american-woman-astronaut</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 12:07&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;In the top photo the STS-47 crewmembers assemble for their traditional onboard (in-flight) portrait in the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105. Pictured, left to right, back row are Commander Robert L. Gibson and Pilot Curtis L. Brown, Jr; middle row Mission Specialist (MS) N. Jan Davis, MS Jerome Apt, and MS Mae C. Jemison; and front row MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Mark C. Lee and Payload Specialist Mamoru Mohri. Mohri represents Japan&amp;#039;s National Space Development Agency (NASDA).&amp;#160; The crew was divided into red and blue teams for around the clock operations.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;In the top photo the STS-47 crewmembers assemble for their traditional onboard (in-flight) portrait in the Spacelab Japan (SLJ) science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105. Pictured, left to right, back row are Commander Robert L. Gibson and Pilot Curtis L. Brown, Jr; middle row Mission Specialist (MS) N. Jan Davis, MS Jerome Apt, and MS Mae C. Jemison; and front row MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Mark C. Lee and Payload Specialist Mamoru Mohri. Mohri represents Japan&amp;#039;s National Space Development Agency (NASDA).&amp;#160; The crew was divided into red and blue teams for around the clock operations.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;The Mission STS-47 all star crew&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;The Mission STS-47 all star crew&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Robert &amp;quot;Hoot&amp;quot; Gibson, Commander : Selected by NASA in January 1978, Gibson became an astronaut in August 1979. Gibson has flown five missions and has completed a total of 36-1/2 days in space. He served as pilot on STS-41B (February 3-11, 1984), and was spacecraft commander on STS-61C (January 12-18,1986), STS-27 (December 2-6, 1988), STS-47 (September 12-20, 1992), and STS-71 (June 27 to July 7, 1995). Gibson participated in the investigation of the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, and also participated in the redesign and recertification of the solid rocket boosters. Gibson served as Chief of the Astronaut Office (December 1992 to September 1994) and as Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations (March-November 1996). Gibson left NASA in November 1996 to pursue private business interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Robert &amp;quot;Hoot&amp;quot; Gibson, Commander&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Gibson became an astronaut in August 1979. Gibson has flown five missions and has completed a total of 36-1/2 days in space. He served as pilot on STS-41B (February 3-11, 1984), and was spacecraft commander on STS-61C (January 12-18,1986), STS-27 (December 2-6, 1988), STS-47 (September 12-20, 1992), and STS-71 (June 27 to July 7, 1995). Gibson participated in the investigation of the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, and also participated in the redesign and recertification of the solid rocket boosters. Gibson served as Chief of the Astronaut Office (December 1992 to September 1994) and as Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations (March-November 1996). Gibson left NASA in November 1996 to pursue private business interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Curtis L. Brown, Jr, Pilot&amp;#160; Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Brown completed a one-year training and evaluation program in August 1988, and is qualified for flight assignment as a pilot. Technical assignments have included: involvement in the upgrade of the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS); development of the Flight Data File (FDF); lead of the astronaut launch support team responsible for crew ingress/strap-in prior to launch and crew egress after landing; monitored the refurbishment of OV-102 and OV-103 during ground turnaround processing; lead spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM); Astronaut Office Lead of Shuttle Operations; Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate. A veteran of six space flights, Brown has logged over 1,383 hours in space. He was the pilot on STS-47 in 1992, STS-66 in 1994 and STS-77 in 1996, and was spacecraft commander on STS-85 in 1997, STS-95 in 1998, and STS-103 in 1999. Brown retired from NASA to accept a position in the private sector.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Curtis L. Brown, Jr, Pilot&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#160;Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Brown completed a one-year training and evaluation program in August 1988, and is qualified for flight assignment as a pilot. Technical assignments have included: involvement in the upgrade of the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS); development of the Flight Data File (FDF); lead of the astronaut launch support team responsible for crew ingress/strap-in prior to launch and crew egress after landing; monitored the refurbishment of OV-102 and OV-103 during ground turnaround processing; lead spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM); Astronaut Office Lead of Shuttle Operations; Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate. A veteran of six space flights, Brown has logged over 1,383 hours in space. He was the pilot on STS-47 in 1992, STS-66 in 1994 and STS-77 in 1996, and was spacecraft commander on STS-85 in 1997, STS-95 in 1998, and STS-103 in 1999. Brown retired from NASA to accept a position in the private sector.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Mark C. Lee, Payload Commander:&amp;#160; Lee was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1984. In June 1985, he completed a one-year training and evaluation program, qualifying him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical responsibilities within the Astronaut Office have included extravehicular activity (EVA), the inertial upper stage (IUS), Spacelab and Space Station systems. Lee has also served as a spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center, as Lead Cape Crusader at the Kennedy Space Center, Chief of Astronaut Appearances, Chief of the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, Chief of the EVA Robotics Branch, and Chief of the EVA Branch. He also worked Space Station assembly issues for the Astronaut Office.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Mark C. Lee, Payload Commander:&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#160;Lee was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1984. In June 1985, he completed a one-year training and evaluation program, qualifying him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical responsibilities within the Astronaut Office have included extravehicular activity (EVA), the inertial upper stage (IUS), Spacelab and Space Station systems. Lee has also served as a spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center, as Lead Cape Crusader at the Kennedy Space Center, Chief of Astronaut Appearances, Chief of the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, Chief of the EVA Robotics Branch, and Chief of the EVA Branch. He also worked Space Station assembly issues for the Astronaut Office.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;A veteran of four space flights, Lee has traveled over 13 million miles going around the world 517 times and spending 33 days in orbit. Lee retired from NASA and the Air Force effective July 1, 2001.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;A veteran of four space flights, Lee has traveled over 13 million miles going around the world 517 times and spending 33 days in orbit. Lee retired from NASA and the Air Force effective July 1, 2001.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist:&amp;#160; Dr. Davis became an astronaut in June 1987. Her initial technical assignment was in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, where she provided technical support for Shuttle payloads. She then served as a CAPCOM in Mission Control communicating with Shuttle crews for seven missions. After her first space flight, Dr. Davis served as the Astronaut Office representative for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), with responsibility for RMS operations, training, and payloads. After her second space flight, she served as the Chairperson of the NASA Education Working Group and as Chief for the Payloads Branch, which provided Astronaut Office support for all Shuttle and Space Station payloads. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Davis has logged over 673 hours in space. She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist:&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#160;Dr. Davis became an astronaut in June 1987. Her initial technical assignment was in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, where she provided technical support for Shuttle payloads. She then served as a CAPCOM in Mission Control communicating with Shuttle crews for seven missions. After her first space flight, Dr. Davis served as the Astronaut Office representative for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), with responsibility for RMS operations, training, and payloads. After her second space flight, she served as the Chairperson of the NASA Education Working Group and as Chief for the Payloads Branch, which provided Astronaut Office support for all Shuttle and Space Station payloads. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Davis has logged over 673 hours in space. She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;After her flight on STS-85, Dr. Davis was assigned to NASA Headquarters as the Director of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS), Independent Assurance Office for the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance. In July 1999, she transferred to MSFC as Director of the Flight Projects Directorate. In August 2003, she was named Director of Safety and Mission Assurance, with responsibility for the safety, reliability, and quality activities of all MSFC projects and personnel. In October 2005, Dr. Davis retired from NASA.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;After her flight on STS-85, Dr. Davis was assigned to NASA Headquarters as the Director of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS), Independent Assurance Office for the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance. In July 1999, she transferred to MSFC as Director of the Flight Projects Directorate. In August 2003, she was named Director of Safety and Mission Assurance, with responsibility for the safety, reliability, and quality activities of all MSFC projects and personnel. In October 2005, Dr. Davis retired from NASA.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Jay Apt, Mission Specialist: In 1980 Dr. Apt joined the Earth and Space Sciences Division of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), doing planetary research, studying Venus, Mars, and the outer solar system.&amp;#160; In 1981 he became Director of JPL’s Table Mountain Observatory.&amp;#160; From 1982 through 1985, he was a flight controller responsible for Shuttle payload operations at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Jay Apt, Mission Specialist:&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;In 1980 Dr. Apt joined the Earth and Space Sciences Division of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), doing planetary research, studying Venus, Mars, and the outer solar system.&amp;#160; In 1981 he became Director of JPL’s Table Mountain Observatory.&amp;#160; From 1982 through 1985, he was a flight controller responsible for Shuttle payload operations at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;He was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1985, and qualified as an astronaut in July 1986.&amp;#160; Apt flew as a member of the crew of the space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-37 mission. Dr. Apt was Endeavour’s flight engineer on the crew of STS-47, Spacelab-J. He flew again aboard Endeavour on STS-59, the first flight of the Space Radar Laboratory. Apt served aboard Atlantis during mission STS-79.&amp;#160; With the completion of his fourth flight, Dr. Apt has logged over 847 hours (35 days) in space, including 10 hours and 49 minutes on two space walks.&amp;#160; He has flown around the Earth 562 times.&amp;#160; Dr. Apt left NASA in May 1997.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;He was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1985, and qualified as an astronaut in July 1986.&amp;#160; Apt flew as a member of the crew of the space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-37 mission. Dr. Apt was Endeavour’s flight engineer on the crew of STS-47, Spacelab-J. He flew again aboard Endeavour on STS-59, the first flight of the Space Radar Laboratory. Apt served aboard Atlantis during mission STS-79.&amp;#160; With the completion of his fourth flight, Dr. Apt has logged over 847 hours (35 days) in space, including 10 hours and 49 minutes on two space walks.&amp;#160; He has flown around the Earth 562 times.&amp;#160; Dr. Apt left NASA in May 1997.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Mae C. Jemison, Mission Specialist: Dr. Jemison was selected for the astronaut program in June 1987. Her technical assignments since then have included: launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida; verification of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); Science Support Group activities.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Mae C. Jemison, Mission Specialist:&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;Dr. Jemison was selected for the astronaut program in June 1987. Her technical assignments since then have included: launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida; verification of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); Science Support Group activities.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Dr. Jemison was the science mission specialist on STS-47 Spacelab-J. Dr. Jemison was a co-investigator on the bone cell research experiment flown on the mission. In completing her first space flight, Dr. Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space.&amp;#160; Dr. Jemison left NASA in March 1993.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Dr. Jemison was the science mission specialist on STS-47 Spacelab-J. Dr. Jemison was a co-investigator on the bone cell research experiment flown on the mission. In completing her first space flight, Dr. Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space.&amp;#160; Dr. Jemison left NASA in March 1993.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Mamoru Mohri, Payload Specialist: Selected by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (now referred to as the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA) in 1985, he flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on the STS-47 (Spacelab-J) mission in 1992. He was the first Japanese astronaut who performed Japan-US joint investigation in space. Dr. Mohri also conducted a &amp;quot;Space Classroom&amp;quot;, which was broadcasted live to the children in Japan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Mamoru Mohri, Payload Specialist:&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;Selected by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (now referred to as the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA) in 1985, he flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on the STS-47 (Spacelab-J) mission in 1992. He was the first Japanese astronaut who performed Japan-US joint investigation in space. Dr. Mohri also conducted a &amp;quot;Space Classroom&amp;quot;, which was broadcasted live to the children in Japan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Dr. Mohri was qualified as NASA Mission Specialist (MS) in 1998 and flew for a second time aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on the STS-99 mission in 2000. During the mission, he mapped more than 47 million miles of the Earth&amp;#039;s surface to develop a 3-D rendition of our planet. Also on the STS-99 mission, for the first time ever, he acquired earth observation data with a High-Definition Television (HDTV) Camera.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Dr. Mohri was qualified as NASA Mission Specialist (MS) in 1998 and flew for a second time aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on the STS-99 mission in 2000. During the mission, he mapped more than 47 million miles of the Earth&amp;#039;s surface to develop a 3-D rendition of our planet. Also on the STS-99 mission, for the first time ever, he acquired earth observation data with a High-Definition Television (HDTV) Camera.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Spacelab Payload&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;Spacelab Payload&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Spacelab-J was a joint NASA and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) mission utilizing a manned Spacelab module. The conducted microgravity investigations in materials and life sciences included 24 materials science and 20 life sciences experiments, of which 35 were sponsored by NASDA, 7 by NASA and two collaborative efforts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;Spacelab-J was a joint NASA and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) mission utilizing a manned Spacelab module. The conducted microgravity investigations in materials and life sciences included 24 materials science and 20 life sciences experiments, of which 35 were sponsored by NASDA, 7 by NASA and two collaborative efforts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 12:09:26 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>george-westinghouse-unique-mix-inventor-and-industrialist</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/george-westinghouse-unique-mix-inventor-and-industrialist</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/01 23:59&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 54:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 54:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;According to the Westinghouse website Nikola Tesla said, &amp;quot;George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only man on this globe who could take my alternating-current system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against prejudice and money power. He was one of the world&amp;#039;s true noblemen, of whom America may well be proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;According to the Westinghouse website Nikola Tesla said, &amp;quot;George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only man on this globe who could take my alternating-current system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against prejudice and money power. He was one of the world&amp;#039;s true noblemen, of whom America may well be proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{youtube&amp;gt;eSEDze0QSV8 | Westinghouse: The Story History Tried to Bury}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 02:37:54 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>george-westinghouse-forgotten-geek-war-of-currents - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/george-westinghouse-forgotten-geek-war-of-currents</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== George Westinghouse is the forgotten geek in the War of Currents. ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The internet loves to portray the battle as one between rival inventors Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla.&amp;#160; It makes for a good story of the hero, Tesla, defeating his rival, Edison. Both Edison and Tesla were well known at the time, and both a bit crazy.Thomas Edison was a well known inventor riding his success and media attention for inventing the phonograph. Edison leveraged his name and fame to start building DC power plants in New York City. Westinghouse, unlike his rival Edison, did not seek media attention, and was a very private person.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla defeat Edison in Currents WarThe War of Currents was a great science and technology feud in the late 1800s between the Edison Electric Light Company and Westinghouse Electric Company over what electric power transmission system should be used.&amp;#160; The Westinghouse Electric Company supported AC (alternating current) and the Edison Electric Light Company supported DC (direct current).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The battle for public opinion over which system should be used to power America turned into a nasty smear campaign by Edison. An inventor and electrical engineer named Harold Brown became the front man for a campaign to show the world the dangers of alternating current. Stories are told of how Brown paid local children to collect stray dogs off the street that he used for experiments showing the dangers of alternating current. Despite publicly denouncing capital punishment, Edison secretly financed the alternating current electric chair developed by Brown. Edison launched a media campaign telling the world AC was deadly, using the word &amp;quot;Westinghoused&amp;quot; to describe an execution by electrocution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The concept of AC power distribution was not a new concept for Westinghouse, he was also an inventor in the gas industry. Westinghouse believed that AC was a better method of power distribution, and believed that electric company founded by his rival Thomas Edison was structurally flawed in its beliefs of using DC power. In 1885 Westinghouse became interested in the inventions of European Inventors Gaulard and Gibbs and purchased the American rights to their patents for AC current transformers. Westinghouse and his staff worked on improving and redesigning the transformers, and the Westinghouse Electric Company was started in 1886.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Tesla and Westinghouse partnership**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1888 Nikola Tesla presented to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers his polyphase alternating current system in the report&amp;#160; A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;When Westinghouse heard of Nikola Tesla and the Tesla Polyphase System, he knew that could be the final piece he needed in building a better system than Edison&amp;#039;s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse was working with AC for years before meeting up with Tesla.&amp;#160; Westinghouse was a systems thinker, he also had a knack for spotting good ideas and people and bringing them into his fold, and he knew AC power distribution was a good idea.&amp;#160; Westinghouse was impressed with Tesla&amp;#039;s work and approached him about joining forces. Westinghouse purchased Tesla&amp;#039;s alternating current patents on the electric systems and paid Tesla to work with him until they were fully implemented.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The first major event in Tesla&amp;#039;s victory over Edison in the War of Currents happened when Tesla joined forces with George Westinghouse. Over the next few years Tesla and Westinghouse would work together and two major accomplishments would mark their victory in the War of Currents over Edison.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1892, after a fierce battle versus Edison, Westinghouse won the contract to power the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; On May 1, 1893,&amp;#160; President Grover Cleveland pushed a button&amp;#160; and a hundred thousand incandescent lamps illuminated the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; The success of the Tesla Polyphase System installed at the exposition would help Westinghouse in their next major victory in being awarded the initial Niagara Falls contract.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Adding insult to his defeat in the War of Currents, Edison would also lose control of his electric power business in 1892.&amp;#160; Notorious financier J.P. Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse was involved in the founding of many companies using the Westinghouse name.&amp;#160; Many of the original Westinghouse companies have merged with various other companies over the years.&amp;#160; The company that started out as the Westinghouse Electric Corporation founded in 1886 has evolved into two large global companies,CBS, an American broadcast network, and Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, a nuclear power business.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The ultimate irony**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Edison&amp;#039;s greatest defeat in business and technology was losing the “War of Currents” to George Westinghouse.&amp;#160; In 1911 George Westinghouse received the AIEE&amp;#039;s Edison Medal &amp;quot;For meritorious achievement in connection with the development of the alternating current system.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is most coveted medal in this field of engineering in the United States and is named after the inventor Thomas Edison.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;From the realms of geek history is George Westinghouse receiving the Edison Medal is the ultimate irony.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 01:00:11 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>nikola-tesla-legacy-most-interesting-geek-world - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/nikola-tesla-legacy-most-interesting-geek-world</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Nikola Tesla the legacy of the most interesting geek in the world ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Without a doubt Nikola Tesla was one of the most interesting geeks that ever lived. The&amp;#160; for Tesla by his fans and the stories about Tesla&amp;#039;s scientific accomplishments has elevated Tesla to the status of mythological geek folk hero.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When the names of Edison and Tesla come together it appears that some people look at their relationship as a life long battle.&amp;#160; Their great feud over the use of AC (alternating current) versus DC (direct current) known as the War of Currents lasted only about a decade.&amp;#160; Tesla&amp;#039;s career went on for many more years beyond his battles with Edison and the War of Currents.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Tesla&amp;#039;s Early Days**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;At times the life story of Nikola Tesla flows like an epic science fiction saga. According to legend, the man known as the Master of Lightning was born at the stroke of midnight on July 10, 1856,&amp;#160; during a lightning storm in a mountainous area of the Balkan Peninsula.&amp;#160; The area of the&amp;#160; Austro-Hungarian Empire where Tesla grew up is the modern-day country of Croatia.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Tesla&amp;#039;s parents were Serbian, his father was an orthodox priest, his mother was an inventor of practical household gadgets.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The stories of Nikola Tesla growing up tell of a young man constantly craving knowledge. He had a powerful imagination and a photographic memory. Tesla was always the geek growing up, he learned to speak 8 languages and was known to recite books from memory.&amp;#160; According to popular stories Nikola Tesla&amp;#039;s dream to go to America one day also started when he was young. Upon seeing an engraving of Niagara Falls, Tesla told his uncle he would someday capture the energy of Niagara to produce electricity.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There is even a good story to explain how Tesla would go to college. Tesla&amp;#039;s father expected young Nikola to follow in his foot steps and become a priest. Nikola was ate about mathematics and science.&amp;#160; At the age of 17 Nikola Tesla had a brush with death from Cholera. While on his death-bed from Cholera, Nikola was promised by his father he could go to college to study science if he survived. Nikola made an amazing recovery. He went on to study electrical engineering at the renowned Austrian Polytechnic School at Graz.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla worked for Charles Batchelor with the Continental Edison Company In Paris installing lighting systems. In Germany and France, he attempted to interest investors in his concept for an AC motor, but had no success. In 1884, at age 28, Tesla left Paris and headed for New York City with a letter of introduction from Charles Batchelor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The War of Currents**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Edison was a shrewd businessman and a believer in DC (direct current). Tesla knew he would have to impress Edison to earn his trust, in order to get the opportunity to show him his ideas on AC (alternating current).&amp;#160; According to the often told story Tesla accepted a challenge by Edison to make improvements to his DC motors, with the understanding that if he was successful, Tesla would be rewarded with $50,000.&amp;#160; When Tesla came back to Edison to proudly announce he had accomplished his task, and asked for his reward, Edison told him it was a misunderstanding.&amp;#160; Edison allegedly told Tesla, &amp;quot;When you become a full-fledged American you will appreciate an American joke.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Frustrated by Edison&amp;#039;s insult Tesla resigned and began digging ditches to earn a living.&amp;#160; Tesla did not give up looking for an investor in his ideas for AC motors and components for AC power generation. Eventually Tesla found investors to finance his lab on Liberty Street in New York as he developed numerous patents for AC motors and generators.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1888 the first major event in Tesla&amp;#039;s victory over Edison in the War of Currents happened when Tesla joined forces with George Westinghouse. Pittsburgh industrialist and inventor George Westinghouse was familiar with AC power, and founded the Westinghouse Electric Company in 1886, established on the principle that electric company founded by his rival Thomas Edison was structurally flawed in its beliefs. Various versions of the story tell of how the deal went down and how the two men met.&amp;#160; Tesla sold many of his patents to Westinghouse, and went on to work for Westinghouse to defeat Edison. Westinghouse paid Tesla around $60,000 for his patents for AC motors and generators. Tesla was also given a salary to work for Westinghouse to help him implement AC power.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Over the next few years Tesla and Westinghouse would work together and two major accomplishments would mark their victory in the War of Currents over Edison. In 1892, after a fierce battle versus Edison, Westinghouse won the contract to power the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; On May 1, 1893,&amp;#160; President Grover Cleveland pushed a button&amp;#160; and a hundred thousand incandescent lamps illuminated the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; The success of the Tesla Polyphase System installed at the exposition would help Westinghouse in their next major victory in being awarded the initial Niagara Falls contract. Since his childhood, Tesla had dreamed of harnessing the power of the great natural wonder Niagara Falls.&amp;#160; In October 1893, Tesla&amp;#039;s&amp;#160; dream became a reality, when Westinghouse was awarded the&amp;#160; Niagara Falls Power contract to create the powerhouse. The Westinghouse company, with Tesla&amp;#039;s guidance, had won the War of Currents.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Colorado Springs 1899**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;With the War of Currents and his work for Westinghouse behind him, Tesla moved on to begin a new series of experiments.&amp;#160; With $30,000 from John Jacob Astor IV, thought to be among the richest people in the world at that time, Tesla begin building a new experimental station near Pikes Peak, Colorado.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The thinner, more conductive air of the high altitude and the large amount of lightning storms attracted to the area, made Colorado Springs a great location for Tesla&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;lightning factory&amp;quot; lab. Tesla was also attracted to the&amp;#160; free AC power from the El Paso Power Company. The free power ended when Tesla s experiment had burned out the dynamo at El Paso Electric Company, knocking out power for all of Colorado Springs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The wealthy John Jacob Astor IV gave Tesla the money he used to build the Colorado Springs lab under the assumption that Telsa was going to develop and produce a new lighting system. Tesla instead, used the money to fund his&amp;#160; lab to experiment with high voltage, high frequency electricity, and the wireless transmission of power.&amp;#160; Convinced that he achieved the wireless transmission of power, Tesla returned back to New York City.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Wardenclyffe New York 1901**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1900, Tesla convinced J.P. Morgan he could build a trans-Atlantic wireless communication system.&amp;#160; During the early 1900s John Pierpont &amp;quot;J.P.&amp;quot; Morgan was one of the biggest high rollers in the world of corporate finance.&amp;#160; Morgan agreed to give Tesla $150,000 to build the wireless communication system in return for a 51% control of the promised system.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla designed and began to build his Wardenclyffe laboratory on Long Island, New York in 1901. Most accounts of the financial deal between Tesla and Morgan state it was for a specific amount of money for a specific project. J.P. Morgan thought he was investing in wireless communications, Tesla failed to mention the lab included his ideas of wireless power transmission.&amp;#160; Tesla claimed he needed more money and Morgan cut him off, not giving him what he needed to fully fund his dream lab.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Making matters worse, while Tesla was asking for more money from Morgan to fund his lab, Guglielmo Marconi was demonstrating wireless radio transmissions across the Atlantic. In December 1901, Marconi successfully sent a signal from England to Newfoundland.&amp;#160; In the end, Tesla never fully completed his Wardenclyffe laboratory because he ran out of money. Humiliated and defeated after the Wardenclyffe project was shutdown, Tesla experienced a complete nervous breakdown.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The wild and crazy later years**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;People often dwell of the War of the Currents and Tesla&amp;#039;s battle with Edison as the focus of Tesla&amp;#039;s life, but Tesla lived for more than four decades after the War of Currents. Tesla managed to maintain his super genius celebrity status in New York social circles.&amp;#160; Tesla hung out at New York&amp;#039;s finest restaurants mixing it up the New York elite. That&amp;#039;s how he would meet his famous investors like J.P Morgan and John Jacob Astor.&amp;#160; Tesla also became friends with Mark Twain who became a big fan of Tesla&amp;#039;s party tricks with electricity.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla had a great mind for science and technology, but his personal life was full of well noted obsessions and oddities. Tesla had the attention on many famous woman of the day, but his long list of phobias made it hard for him to have a relationship. Tesla had a phobia of round objects, particularly women’s earrings and couldn’t bear to touch hair.&amp;#160; Tesla was also obsessed with cleanliness and the number three.&amp;#160; Tesla was a proponent of a selective breeding and eugenics, he wanted to eliminate &amp;quot;undesirables&amp;quot; by sterilizing criminals and the mentally ill.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla never married, his fondest love was a pigeon. Tesla was often found in the public parks feeding the pigeons. Tesla would rescue injured pigeons, taking them back to his hotel room to nurse them. He said the pigeons were his sincere friends.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1915 the New York times reported that&amp;#160; Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison would be awarded the Novel Prize for physics.&amp;#160; For unknown reasons the award went to neither, as rumors circulated that both refused to share the honor with the other.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla became the bitter and angry malcontent scientist, he had very little praise for scientific discoveries of his day including relativity, and would often make negative statements about Albert Einstein. Tesla became close friends with George Viereck, a playboy, poet, and vampire novelist. Tesla composed the poem &amp;quot;Fragments of Olympian Gossip&amp;quot; in the late 1920s for Viereck. The poem made fun of the scientific establishment of the day, such as scientists Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s obsession with selling world governments his death beam consumed his final years.&amp;#160; In numerous interviews Tesla said he was working on what he called&amp;#160; &amp;quot;a machine to end war,&amp;quot; a death beam that would make war impossible by offering every country an &amp;quot;invisible Chinese wall.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s life story starts out like an epic science fiction saga.&amp;#160; The wild and crazy later years of Tesla sounded like something from the sci-fiction realm of the X-Files, as the prototypical mad scientist.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Tesla versus Edison and the search for the truth**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;In our next article in this series discussing Tesla, &amp;quot;Nikola Tesla versus Thomas Edison and the search for the truth,&amp;quot;&amp;#160; we will try to set the record straight in the battle of Nikola Tesla versus Thomas Edison. Ultimately there is Tesla&amp;#039;s story, there is Edison&amp;#039;s story, and then there is the truth somewhere in the middle.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:42:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>sidebar</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/sidebar</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 00:35&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;**[[&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Sidebarhow&lt;/strong&gt;-edison-tesla-and-westinghouse-really-built-the-electric-age | The War of Currents]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;how&lt;/strong&gt;-edison-tesla-and-westinghouse-really-built-the-electric-age | The War of Currents]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:35:23 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>the-westinghouse-team-responsible-for-electricity-and-ac-power-in-our-homes</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/the-westinghouse-team-responsible-for-electricity-and-ac-power-in-our-homes</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 00:29&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 80:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 80:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;If you think I’m here to tear down Tesla, I’m not. I’m here to give you the raw, cranky, geek‑history truth&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;—&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;not the crowdsourced mythology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If you think I’m here to tear down Tesla, I’m not. I’m here to give you the raw, cranky, geek‑history truth&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;,&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;not the crowdsourced mythology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;And if there was ever a forgotten geek whose story deserves the spotlight, it’s Benjamin Garver Lamme.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;And if there was ever a forgotten geek whose story deserves the spotlight, it’s Benjamin Garver Lamme.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;Yes, there’s a Tesla statue on both the American and Canadian sides of Niagara Falls. But despite Lamme being the chief architect of the Niagara generators&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;—&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the machines that actually made Tesla’s AC system real&amp;#160;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;—&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;there isn’t a single plaque at the Falls that mentions him by name.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Yes, there’s a Tesla statue on both the American and Canadian sides of Niagara Falls. But despite Lamme being the chief architect of the Niagara generators&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;,&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;the machines that actually made Tesla’s AC system real&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;,&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;there isn’t a single plaque at the Falls that mentions him by name.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;The only official marker honoring Benjamin Lamme is hundreds of miles away, on the Lower Valley Pike Scenic Byway in Bethel Township, Ohio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;The only official marker honoring Benjamin Lamme is hundreds of miles away, on the Lower Valley Pike Scenic Byway in Bethel Township, Ohio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:31:11 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>top-ten-list</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/top-ten-list</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/01 19:31&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 46:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 46:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**[[pittsburgh-forefront-technology-inventions-and-innovation | Before Silicon Valley created computers Geek History was made in Pittsburgh.]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**[[pittsburgh-forefront-technology-inventions-and-innovation | Before Silicon Valley created computers Geek History was made in Pittsburgh.]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[vannevar-bush-symposium-1995-was-ultimate-geek-convention | Vannevar Bush Symposium in 1995 was the ultimate geek convention.]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:43:42 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>vannevar-bush-symposium-1995-was-ultimate-geek-convention - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/vannevar-bush-symposium-1995-was-ultimate-geek-convention</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Vannevar Bush Symposium in 1995 was the ultimate geek convention ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If we look at geeks as technology pioneers that turn visions into reality, the Vannevar Bush Symposium in October 1995 was the ultimate geek convention. The Vannevar Bush Symposium, co-sponsored Brown University and MIT, celebrated the 50th anniversary of Vannevar Bush&amp;#039;s article &amp;quot;As We May Think.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; Many people point to the 1945 Atlantic Monthly article &amp;quot;As We May Think&amp;quot; as the earliest published vision of the concept of hypertext.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In October 1995, when the event took place, the graphical user interface, desktop personal computers, and access to the internet were all in the early stages of making their way into our homes. Many of the speakers at the event were the technology pioneers who took the vision of hypertext conceived by Vannevr Bush and transformed it into the current form of what we now call the World Wide Web, such as Ted Nelson, Douglas C. Engelbart, and Tim Berners-Lee. Other notable speakers at the event included internet visionary Bob Kahn and computing pioneer Alan Kay.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Ted Nelson coined the term &amp;quot;hypertext&amp;quot; in the 1960&amp;#039;s, acknowledges his debt to Dr. Vannevar Bush for the concept of hypertext. Ted Nelson conceived a world-wide network that would allow information to be stored not as separate files, but as connected literature. The project known as Xanadu has never been totally completed.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Douglas C. Engelbart and a group of 17 researchers demonstrated hypertext, object addressing and dynamic file linking during a demonstration of the oN-Line System, also known as NLS, on December 9, 1968, in what has been called &amp;quot;The Mother of All Demos.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; Engelbart and his team had been working on the computer-sharing system since 1962. The public presentation in 1968, involving two people at different sites communicating over a network with audio and video interface was a session of the Fall Joint Computer Conference held at the Convention Center in San Francisco.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tim Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers, in 1980, while an independent contractor at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). Tim Berners-Lee left CERN in 1980 and returned in 1984. By 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Bob Kahn approached Vinton Cerf in the spring of 1973 with the idea of developing a system for interconnecting networks. Kahn and Cerf published &amp;quot;A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication&amp;quot; in May 1974. The work of Kahn and Cerf established Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the building blocks of the modern internet.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Alan Kay developed graphical user interfaces and prototypes of networked workstations at Xerox Corporation&amp;#039;s Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC) in the 1970s. Alan Kay has worked for Apple, Atari, HP, and Disney, and is known for the quote, &amp;quot;The best way to predict the future is to invent it.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Doug Engelbart Institute has the outline of the two-day Vannevar Bush Symposium on their website which includes links to the video archives from the 1995 event available online at the Internet Archive.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:41:30 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>pittsburgh-forefront-technology-inventions-and-innovation - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/pittsburgh-forefront-technology-inventions-and-innovation</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Before Silicon Valley created computers Geek History was made in Pittsburgh. ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When asked what is Pittsburgh known for, the popular answers mention steel mills and sports teams. When the question what is Pittsburgh known for is asked in the context of famous inventors and innovative technology, it is interesting to see how Pittsburgh rose to the forefront of technology innovation during the industrial revolution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As someone who grew up in Western Pennsylvania who studies Geek History, I am proud to share the amazing history of the area as it relates to technology. There are many famous inventors who were involved the development of radio and television that passed through Pittsburgh by way of George Westinghouse and the University of Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**George Westinghouse planted the seed of innovation in Pittsburgh**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the most famous inventors to call Pittsburgh home was George Westinghouse. A life long geek who loved to tinker in technology, as a young man Westinghouse worked in his father&amp;#039;s factory in upstate New York. Westinghouse came to Pittsburgh at the age of 23 in 1868, in search of steel for his patented railcar replacer and railway frog. As an inventor, Westinghouse was deeply interested in making railroads safer. He went on to patent his renowned Westinghouse Airbrake, which led to the creation of The Westinghouse Airbrake Manufacturing Company in 1869.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Westinghouse lived most of his adult life in Pittsburgh. In 1910, George Westinghouse retired and moved back to New York. In 1914, George Westinghouse passed away. He died in a wheelchair. Forever the inventor, Westinghouse was working on an electric wheelchair at the time of his death. Westinghouse had 314 patents of his own inventions, and was in control of over 15,000 patents.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse was a quiet and humble man who did not seek the attention of the media. Westinghouse earned the respect of the employees of the companies he created. A monument in Pittsburgh honoring Westinghouse was paid for by employees of Westinghouse companies. The Dedication Plaque located on the back side of Westinghouse Memorial and Pond in Schenley Park starts with the following sentence, &amp;quot;This memorial unveiled October 6, 1930, in honor of George Westinghouse is an enduring testimonial to the esteem, affection and loyalty of 60,000 employees of the great industrial organizations of which he was the founder.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many of the Westinghouse companies live on in mergers with other companies. Westinghouse gave the world safer rail transportation, steam turbines, gas lighting and heating, and electricity to the average American&amp;#039;s home. Westinghouse planted the seed of innovation and put Pittsburgh on the forefront of technology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**War of Currents goes through Pittsburgh**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The War of Currents is the famous business and technology battle between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse over which method should be used to deliver electricity to American homes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;During the 1880s Thomas Edison began to construct electrical generating stations based on DC (direct current) power. Westinghouse believed that AC was a better method of power distribution, and believed that electric company founded by his rival Thomas Edison was structurally flawed in its beliefs of using DC power.&amp;#160; The concept of AC power distribution was not a new concept for Westinghouse, because he was also an inventor in the natural gas industry.&amp;#160; Westinghouse became interested in the inventions of European Inventors Gaulard and Gibbs and purchased the American rights to their patents for AC current transformers in 1885. Westinghouse and his staff worked on improving and redesigning the transformers, and the Westinghouse Electric Company was started in 1886.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Westinghouse was impressed with the work of Nikola Tesla and approached him about joining forces. Westinghouse brought the legendary master of lightning to Pittsburgh and purchased Tesla&amp;#039;s alternating current patents on the electric systems and paid Tesla to work with him until they were fully implemented.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Everyone talks about the great inventor Thomas Edison, calling him the Wizard of Menlo Park. One of the biggest defeats in the career of Edison was the War of Currents, where Edison lost to George Westinghouse.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Radio Pioneer Fessenden connections to Westinghouse and Pitt**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although Canada takes credit for being the birth place of radio pioneer Reginald Fessenden, he would cross paths with George Westinghouse during the War of Currents, and eventually come to Pittsburgh. Because Edison lost the bid to light the 1893 World&amp;#039;s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, he blocked George Westinghouse from using any light bulbs designed by Edison. Fessenden&amp;#039;s invention of silicon-iron and nickel-iron alloys for the lead-in wires in electric light bulbs and the methods for sealing wires in a glass envelope gave Westinghouse an alternative to the Edison bulbs and allowed Westinghouse to fulfill his commitment.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse lured Fessenden to the University in Pittsburgh because Westinghouse had already seen the engineer&amp;#039;s genius and wanted him close at hand.&amp;#160; Westinghouse recruited Fessenden to become the first head of electrical engineering at Western University of Pennsylvania, later named the University of Pittsburgh. Fessenden was chair of Pitt&amp;#039;s electrical engineering department from 1893 to 1900. After seven years at the University of Pittsburgh, ending in the spring of 1900, Fessenden moved on and continued his experiments.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Fessenden began experimenting with wireless telephones in 1898. Fessenden used Pittsburgh as his test bed for wireless telephones setting up a wireless communication system functioning between Pittsburgh and Allegheny City in 1899, and achieved the first wireless voice transmission in December 1900.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Fessenden successfully made the first long-distance transmission on Christmas Eve 1906. The broadcast was advertised three days in advance of Christmas, telegraphed to ships of the U.S Navy and the United Fruit Co., which were equipped with apparatus intended to receive the broadcast. Fessenden broadcast his voice and his violin performance over the Atlantic, startling and mystifying sailors who typically were listening for dots and dashes and the occasional seagull, and heard &amp;quot;O Holy Night&amp;quot; instead.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When asking who is the &amp;quot;Father of Radio,&amp;quot; you may start a debate over whether Tesla or Marconi should be given that honor. The name of Reginald Fessenden deserves mention as well.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Radio broadcasting takes off in Pittsburgh**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Because of Fessenden&amp;#039;s Pittsburgh connections Western Pennsylvania became the incubator of modern radio. Radio began as a one-to-one method of communication.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Westinghouse engineer Dr. Frank Conrad was a Pittsburgh area ham operator. Conrad played records for his friends over the airwaves. An executive at Westinghouse heard about Conrad&amp;#039;s broadcast and asked Conrad to help set up a regularly transmitting radio station in Pittsburgh.&amp;#160; On November 2, 1920, Westinghouse&amp;#039;s KDKA began regular broadcasts. They chose that date because it was election day, and the power of radio was proven when people could hear the results of the presidential race before they read about it in the newspaper.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Television Pioneer Zworykin works for Westinghouse earns degree at Pitt**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Just as Fessenden is one of many people considered the &amp;quot;Father of Radio,&amp;quot;&amp;#160; another famous inventor with a Pittsburgh connection is considered by some as the &amp;quot;Father of Television.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a young engineering student, Vladimir Zworykin worked for Russian scientist and inventor Boris Rosing and assisted him in some of his laboratory work. Zworykin moved to the United States following the Russian Revolution in 1919. When he arrived in America, Zworykin worked at Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Zworykin had an opportunity to engage in television experiments at Westinghouse. His work on television resulted&amp;#160; in two patent applications. The first, entitled &amp;quot;Television Systems&amp;quot;, was filed on December 29, 1923, and was followed by a second application in 1925 that was awarded in 1928.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Zworykin applied to the physics department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1924. Due to his previous credited work Zworykin received his Ph.D. only two years later upon completion of his dissertation on the improvement of photoelectric cells.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1920s David Sarnoff of RCA had the vision of developing television. In 1929 Sarnoff, a Russian American like Vladimir Zworykin, recruited him to develop television for RCA.&amp;#160; Sarnoff put Zworykin in charge of television development for RCA at their laboratories in Camden, New Jersey..&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;With the invention of radio and television it is difficult to give one person credit as the sole inventor, but in the case of Fesseden and Zworkyin they both played a key role in the inventions of the technology.&amp;#160; The careers of both Fesseden and Zworkyin included connections to Westinghouse and the University of Pittsburgh.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**When Pittsburg became Pittsburgh**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Here&amp;#039;s a geeky history question I came up with while I was reading a book from 1909 published by George Westinghouse. I noticed that every reference to Pittsburgh is spelled &amp;quot;Pittsburg.&amp;quot; I wondered, is that just something done by George? Was there ever a time when it was acceptable to spell Pittsburgh as Pittsburg?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I found out that in 1890, the United States Board on Geographic Names decided that the final h was to be dropped in the names of all cities and towns ending in burgh. There was a period between 1890 and 1911 when the &amp;quot;h&amp;quot; was dropped because the United States Post Office Department, following the United State Board of Geographic Names, had dropped the final &amp;quot;h.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Before Silicon Valley created computers Geek History was made in Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;Pittsburgh460.jpg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;Read more on The Legacy of George Westinghouse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:28:44 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>battles - removed</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/battles</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2025/10/31 21:01&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:12:57 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>inventors - removed</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/inventors</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 00:56&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:11:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>visionary - removed</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/visionary</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 00:43&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:10:45 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>anything-one-man-can-imagine-other-men-can-make-real</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/anything-one-man-can-imagine-other-men-can-make-real</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 01:00&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Anything one man can imagine other men can make real ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Greatest Geek Visionaries**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the modern media of the 21st century people often complain that the news seems to focus on problems rather than solutions. As we study geek history, we find many examples of the news media telling what can&amp;#039;t be done while someone was in the process of showing us what is possible.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Transmit speech electrically? Who would believe it?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1870s there were three different inventors working on the technology to transmit speech electrically that would become our telephone system.&amp;#160; Thankfully they did not believe what they read in the newspaper back then.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 an editorial in the Boston Post stated that, &amp;quot;Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be of no practical value.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A New York news item from 1868 reports, &amp;quot;A man has been arrested in New York for attempting to extort funds from ignorant and superstitious people by exhibiting a device which he says will convey the human voice any distance over metallic wires so that it will be heard by the listener at the other end. He calls this instrument a telephone. Well-informed people know that it is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We&amp;#039;ll talk about those inventors who did the impossible in an upcoming chapter.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Jules Verne was a true visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :verne_geekweb2.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There were many people who could look into the future and see what was possible, such as a true visionary Jules Verne, who was quoted in 1865 as saying, &amp;quot;In spite of the opinions of certain narrow-minded people who would shut up the human race upon this globe, we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars with the same facility, rapidity and certainty as we now make the ocean voyage from Liverpool to New York.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You will usually find the biography of Jules Verne describing him as a 19th century French author, not a scientist or an engineer.&amp;#160; In many ways Jules Verne was as much a true inventor and visionary as others from his time period who we would call scientists.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; told the story of three men who launched a space capsule from Florida in order to visit the moon and return to earth. The space capsule also performs a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on the return trip.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind Verne was a 19th century French author living in France, but he correctly predicted the first manned mission to the moon would launch from Florida a century before NASA and anything space related existed in America.&amp;#160; Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; contained many strikingly similar details to the 1969 NASA Apollo 11 mission, which launched a space capsule containing three men that would visit the moon and return to earth with a splashdown landing in the Pacific Ocean.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In Jules Verne&amp;#039;s 1872 novel A Journey to the Center of the Earth, the narrator tells of a brilliant portable battery lamp used by the underground explorers. The device was powered by a Ruhmkorf coil; a high voltage buzzer-type induction coil popular among early electrical experimenters.&amp;#160; Verne was drawing upon experimental knowledge of his day for what he calls this ingenious application of electricity to practical purposes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the visionary story published in the 1870s, &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,&amp;quot; Jules Verne describes an electric powered submarine he called the Nautilus. The Nautilus is designed and commanded by Captain Nemo in Verne&amp;#039;s book.&amp;#160; Electricity is provided by sodium mercury electric batteries. The energy needed to extract the sodium is provided by coal mined from the sea floor. Jules Verne&amp;#039;s concept of using sodium and mercury for batteries in his novel &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea&amp;quot; laid the groundwork for modern sodium-ion batteries.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind, Jules Verne was not a scientist or an engineer, he was a 19th century French writer living in France.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Leonardo da Vinci the greatest geek visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ ::davincivisionary.jpg|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a geek myself I am totally fascinated by the long list of things Leonardo Da Vinci worked on as a civil engineer.&amp;#160; Quoting from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers article, &amp;quot; He studied and designed war instruments such as tanks, catapults, submarines, machine guns, and other weapons. He also focused on mechanics of levers, gears, cranes, hydraulics, ball bearings, bicycles, and flying machines. He displayed civil engineering talents as well, with geometry studies and architectural designs of domed churches, fortresses, and canals.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a famous letter to the Duke of Milan in 1483. It was basically a job application and cover letter combined.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Leonardo Da Vinci boasted: &amp;quot;In case of a siege, I know how to dry up the water of the moats and how to construct an infinite number of bridges, covered ways, scaling ladders, and other machines for this type of enterprise.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the greatest visionary to have ever lived. Leonardo saw the possibilities of flying machines in the 1500s, and designed in theory many examples of flying machines, centuries before the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;For centuries the fame of Leonardo rested on his achievements as a painter, with the creation of the Last Supper, painting the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan, and the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa.&amp;#160; His artistic creations and career in art alone is enough for Leonardo to be a legend.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci&amp;#039;s anatomical drawings are far ahead of their time. His studies and detailed drawings of the human skeleton, internal organs, muscular system are beyond belief.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind we are talking about a man who lived in the 1500s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci defines the term Renaissance Man. You would be hard pressed to come up with a name of a person who was as accomplished in as many different fields as Leonardo da Vinci.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Visionaries see the possibilities**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;FvGRXv0WVsQ |They Saw the Future... And Skeptics Laughed}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In upcoming chapters we&amp;#039;ll talk about the visionaries that created today&amp;#039;s internet. Many people point to an article published in 1945, &amp;quot;As We May Think&amp;quot; by Vannevar Bush, as the earliest published vision of the concept of hypertext and the world wide web.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although Vannevar Bush was contemplating the aftermath of World War II, it took the Russians launching spy satellite Sputnik in 1957, and the fear of World War III, before the highway system of the ARPAnet was built in the 1960s. As the ARPAnet evolved into the internet, a world wide web of documents could now be implemented. Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML, and the vision of Vannevar Bush became the world wide web.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;** [[search-greatest-inventors-and-technology-innovators| In search of the greatest inventors and technology innovators]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 19:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>who-invented-telephone - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/who-invented-telephone</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Who invented the Telephone? ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The history books pick and choose &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; based on who won a specific patent battle.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When asked who invented the telephone the name Alexander Graham Bell is often offered as the correct answer.&amp;#160; Alexander Graham Bell patented&amp;#160; his telephone first, the U.S. Patent Office awarded Alexander Bell, United States Patent No. 174,465 in 1876.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Who invented the Telephone?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;An argument could be made for the answer to&amp;#160; who invented the telephone could be Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray, or Antonio Meucci. In the 1870s all three of these individuals worked on the technology to transmit speech electrically that would become our telephone system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; mythology everyone is looking for that one &amp;quot;eureka&amp;quot; moment when something appears out of thin air, a totally new idea. In the real world of technology, inventions are part of an evolution of ideas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Early development of the telegraph and telephone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The telephone was an extension of the work done by Samuel Morse in developing the telegraph in the 1830s.&amp;#160; Samuel Morse independently developed and patented a recording electric telegraph in 1837.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;The first telegram in the United States was sent by Morse January 1838, across two miles of wire at near Morristown, New Jersey.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;History books tell us Alexander Graham Bel invented the telegraph based on a 1837 patent, but another inventor, Dr. David Alter, invented his own version of the telegraph in 1836.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;According to his biography from the book American Medical Biographies by Howard Kelly and Walter Burrage, 1920, Dr. David Alter &amp;quot;perfected an electric telegraph in 1836 which consisted of seven wires, the electricity deflecting a needle on a disc at the extremity of each wire.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some sources state that Alter also invented a&amp;#160; &amp;quot;speaking telegraph, &amp;quot; a forerunner of the modern telephone system. The little known inventor from Western Pennsylvania was also a pioneer in &amp;quot;the discovery of the principles underlying spectrum analysis.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Early development of the Reis telephone&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1861, German scientist and inventor Johann Philipp Reis succeeded in creating a device that captured sound, converted it to electrical impulses which were transmitted via electrical wires to another device that transformed these pulses into recognizable sounds similar to the original acoustical source. Reis coined the term telephone to describe his device&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Would you believe Antonio Meucci invented the telephone?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many people would argue that Antonio Meucci invented the telephone. Antonio Meucci worked in developing electromagnetic voice transmission, and&amp;#160; is recognized as a early pioneer of telephone on the the Library of Congress website.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Quoting from the Library of Congress website:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot; Of course, Alexander Graham Bell is the father of the telephone. After all it was his design that was first patented, however, he was not the first inventor to come up with the idea of a telephone.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Antonio Meucci, an Italian immigrant, began developing the design of a talking telegraph or telephone in 1849.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 2002 the United States Congress passed resolution HRes 269 EH acknowledging the contributions of Antonio Meucci for his work in the telephone&amp;#039;s development, stating: &amp;quot;That it is the sense of the House of Representatives that the life and achievements of Antonio Meucci should be recognized, and his work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged&amp;quot;.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Antonio Meucci conspiracy theory&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although the&amp;#160; Library of Congress website states that Meucci began developing the design of a telephone in 1849, it was many years later, December 1871, that Meucci filed a patent caveat, not a patent,&amp;#160; for a telephone device&amp;#160; with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Patent caveats according to law were &amp;quot;a description of an invention, intended to be patented, lodged in the patent office before the patent was applied for, and operated as a bar to the issue of any patent to any other person regarding the same invention.&amp;quot; Caveats lasted one year and were renewable.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Patent caveats were much less costly than a full patent application and required a less detailed description of the invention. If within the year another inventor filed a patent application for a similar invention, the Patent Office notified the holder of the caveat, who then had three months to submit a formal application. Antonio Meucci did not renew his caveat after 1874 and Alexander Graham Bell was granted a&amp;#160; patent in March of 1876.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;According to some theories, Antonio Meucci did not know English well enough to navigate the complex American business community, and was unable to raise sufficient funds to pay his way through the patent application process. Other stories claim that Meucci was told that the Western Union affiliate laboratory reportedly lost his working models. Interesting, Alexander Graham Bell, conducted experiments in the same laboratory where Meucci&amp;#039;s materials had been stored.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;It should be pointed out that a caveat does not guarantee that a patent will be granted, or what the scope of that patent will be. Antonio Meucci understood how the patent system worked, he was granted fourteen patents for other inventions. There are unanswered questions as to why Meucci did not file a patent application for his telephone, when patents were granted to him in 1872, 1873, 1875, and 1876.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Patent wars Elisha Gray versus Alexander Graham Bell&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1870s, two inventors, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell, both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically. Alexander Graham Bell&amp;#039;s lawyer filed his patent application for the telephone in the U.S. patent office in Washington, D.C. on February 14, 1876.&amp;#160; &amp;#160; Elisha Gray&amp;#039;s lawyer filed Gray&amp;#039;s patent caveat the same day.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The phenomenon known as &amp;quot;multiple discovery&amp;quot; is when notable inventions have occurred simultaneously and independently among different inventors. It happens often as similar work is being done at the same time independently of each other because the evolution of technology that leads to the invention is going on all over.&amp;#160; Was the patent office filings of both inventors on the same day the result of multiple discovery, or some other less than ethical action?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There is no shortage of conspiracy suggesting that Bell had illegally acquired knowledge of Gray&amp;#039;s invention. Gray and Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Everyone knows the name Alexander Graham Bell because Bell Telephone is the company people associate with the evolution of the telephone.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1872, Elisha Gray founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company, a company that would eventually evolve into Lucent Technologies. How many people know the name Elisha Gray?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The question of who invented the telephone may seem simple, but like so many modern devices in the history of technology, the story behind &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; is very interesting because none of these &amp;quot;inventions&amp;quot; were the work of one man.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There is no shortage of conspiracy suggesting that Bell had illegally acquired knowledge of Gray&amp;#039;s invention.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a geek who loves geek history I answer may questions on Quora regarding &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;did he steal it.&amp;quot; It happens often as similar work is being done at the same time independently of each other because the evolution of technology that leads to the invention is going on all over.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;So many modern devices in the history of technology, the telephone, the radio, the television, have an interesting story behind &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; because none of these &amp;quot;inventions&amp;quot; were the work of one man.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 18:36:42 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>mass-communications-and-telecommunications-computers - created</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/mass-communications-and-telecommunications-computers</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/07/02 20:46&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Mass communications and telecommunications before computers ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many people say the internet is the greatest invention since the printing press.&amp;#160; Before the internet people read books.&amp;#160; Books, words on paper, published ideas, were the basis of mass communications for many centuries prior to 20th century technology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;The Sumerians in Mesopotamia started to develop the basics of communication with writing and alphabets around 3000 B.C.&amp;#160; In the centuries that followed the first permanent storage devices, handwritten books, were developed.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Manuscript Culture of the Middle Ages dealt with the making and trade of manuscripts.&amp;#160; In early manuscript culture monks copied manuscripts by hand, mostly religious texts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Xerox had one of the most popular TV commercials that aired in the 1970s with the 1975 &amp;quot;Miracle Monks&amp;quot; spot. In the commercial a monk used a Xerox duplicating system to produce copies of a manuscript. The commercial won just about every award it could and embedded in the minds of a generation the concept of the chubby cherub scribe as the predecessor to the modern copy machine.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Mass communication involves information distribution in a &amp;quot;one to many&amp;quot; form of communication.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The First Information Explosion, and next era in the history of Information Technology known as the Mechanical Age, is usually attributed to the printing press created by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although the Chinese had created various types of printing devices centuries earlier, the invention of the printing press is typically attributed to Johannes Gutenberg for his movable type system that led to the first mass production of books in Europe.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gutenberg was aware that a successful launch of his new invention would be much easier if they began with a high profile book of importance beyond their local area so they chose to publish the Bible.&amp;#160; According to the Library of Congress, the printing of The Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42 line Bible, was probably completed late in 1455 at Mainz, Germany.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The term mass media was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines. However, some forms of mass media such as books and manuscripts had already been in use for centuries.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Telecommunications is the transmission of messages, over significant distances, for the purpose of communication.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Electrical telegraph networks were the first form of electrical telecommunications that empowered people and commerce to transmit messages across continents and oceans with widespread social and economic impacts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Samuel F. B. Morse developed an electrical telegraph that was capable of transmitting over long distances using poor quality wire. His assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code signaling alphabet with Morse. On January 6, 1838, Morse first successfully tested the device.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1861 the first transcontinental telegraph system was established. Eventually the telegraph network crossed the oceans to every continent (except Antarctica) making instant global communication possible for the first time.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The next step in the evolution of telecommunications was the telephone, a device that converts sound into electronic signals for long distance transmission over wires.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In out next article we will answer the question, who invented the telephone.&amp;#160; The answer may not be as simple as you think.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;New York news item 1868:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;A man has been arrested in New York for attempting to extort funds from ignorant and superstitious people by exhibiting a device which he says will convey the human voice any distance over metallic wires so that it will be heard by the listener at the other end. He calls this instrument a telephone. Well-informed people know that it is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>cynic@undisclosed.example.com (cynic)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 18:31:44 +0000</pubDate>
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