Geek History

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            <title>anything-one-man-can-imagine-other-men-can-make-real</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/anything-one-man-can-imagine-other-men-can-make-real</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 00:58&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Greatest Geek Visionaries ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Anything one man can imagine other men can make real**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the modern media of the 21st century people often complain that the news seems to focus on problems rather than solutions. As we study geek history, we find many examples of the news media telling what can&amp;#039;t be done while someone was in the process of showing us what is possible.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Transmit speech electrically? Who would believe it?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1870s there were three different inventors working on the technology to transmit speech electrically that would become our telephone system.&amp;#160; Thankfully they did not believe what they read in the newspaper back then.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 an editorial in the Boston Post stated that, &amp;quot;Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be of no practical value.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A New York news item from 1868 reports, &amp;quot;A man has been arrested in New York for attempting to extort funds from ignorant and superstitious people by exhibiting a device which he says will convey the human voice any distance over metallic wires so that it will be heard by the listener at the other end. He calls this instrument a telephone. Well-informed people know that it is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We&amp;#039;ll talk about those inventors who did the impossible in an upcoming chapter.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Jules Verne was a true visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :verne_geekweb2.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There were many people who could look into the future and see what was possible, such as a true visionary Jules Verne, who was quoted in 1865 as saying, &amp;quot;In spite of the opinions of certain narrow-minded people who would shut up the human race upon this globe, we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars with the same facility, rapidity and certainty as we now make the ocean voyage from Liverpool to New York.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You will usually find the biography of Jules Verne describing him as a 19th century French author, not a scientist or an engineer.&amp;#160; In many ways Jules Verne was as much a true inventor and visionary as others from his time period who we would call scientists.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; told the story of three men who launched a space capsule from Florida in order to visit the moon and return to earth. The space capsule also performs a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on the return trip.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind Verne was a 19th century French author living in France, but he correctly predicted the first manned mission to the moon would launch from Florida a century before NASA and anything space related existed in America.&amp;#160; Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; contained many strikingly similar details to the 1969 NASA Apollo 11 mission, which launched a space capsule containing three men that would visit the moon and return to earth with a splashdown landing in the Pacific Ocean.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In Jules Verne&amp;#039;s 1872 novel A Journey to the Center of the Earth, the narrator tells of a brilliant portable battery lamp used by the underground explorers. The device was powered by a Ruhmkorf coil; a high voltage buzzer-type induction coil popular among early electrical experimenters.&amp;#160; Verne was drawing upon experimental knowledge of his day for what he calls this ingenious application of electricity to practical purposes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the visionary story published in the 1870s, &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,&amp;quot; Jules Verne describes an electric powered submarine he called the Nautilus. The Nautilus is designed and commanded by Captain Nemo in Verne&amp;#039;s book.&amp;#160; Electricity is provided by sodium mercury electric batteries. The energy needed to extract the sodium is provided by coal mined from the sea floor. Jules Verne&amp;#039;s concept of using sodium and mercury for batteries in his novel &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea&amp;quot; laid the groundwork for modern sodium-ion batteries.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind, Jules Verne was not a scientist or an engineer, he was a 19th century French writer living in France.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Leonardo da Vinci the greatest geek visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ ::davincivisionary.jpg|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a geek myself I am totally fascinated by the long list of things Leonardo Da Vinci worked on as a civil engineer.&amp;#160; Quoting from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers article, &amp;quot; He studied and designed war instruments such as tanks, catapults, submarines, machine guns, and other weapons. He also focused on mechanics of levers, gears, cranes, hydraulics, ball bearings, bicycles, and flying machines. He displayed civil engineering talents as well, with geometry studies and architectural designs of domed churches, fortresses, and canals.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a famous letter to the Duke of Milan in 1483. It was basically a job application and cover letter combined.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Leonardo Da Vinci boasted: &amp;quot;In case of a siege, I know how to dry up the water of the moats and how to construct an infinite number of bridges, covered ways, scaling ladders, and other machines for this type of enterprise.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the greatest visionary to have ever lived. Leonardo saw the possibilities of flying machines in the 1500s, and designed in theory many examples of flying machines, centuries before the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;For centuries the fame of Leonardo rested on his achievements as a painter, with the creation of the Last Supper, painting the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan, and the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa.&amp;#160; His artistic creations and career in art alone is enough for Leonardo to be a legend.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci&amp;#039;s anatomical drawings are far ahead of their time. His studies and detailed drawings of the human skeleton, internal organs, muscular system are beyond belief.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind we are talking about a man who lived in the 1500s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci defines the term Renaissance Man. You would be hard pressed to come up with a name of a person who was as accomplished in as many different fields as Leonardo da Vinci.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Visionaries see the possibilities**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;FvGRXv0WVsQ |They Saw the Future... And Skeptics Laughed}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In upcoming chapters we&amp;#039;ll talk about the visionaries that created today&amp;#039;s internet. Many people point to an article published in 1945, &amp;quot;As We May Think&amp;quot; by Vannevar Bush, as the earliest published vision of the concept of hypertext and the world wide web.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although Vannevar Bush was contemplating the aftermath of World War II, it took the Russians launching spy satellite Sputnik in 1957, and the fear of World War III, before the highway system of the ARPAnet was built in the 1960s. As the ARPAnet evolved into the internet, a world wide web of documents could now be implemented. Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML, and the vision of Vannevar Bush became the world wide web.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;** [[search-greatest-inventors-and-technology-innovators| In search of the greatest inventors and technology innovators]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 01:00:19 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>battles</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/battles</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2025/10/31 21:01&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;==== Epic battles where business and technology mix ====&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the epic battles where business and technology mix, one of the most famous fights of the Industrial Age has been dubbed &amp;quot;The War of Currents.&amp;quot; The war was between the famous inventor Thomas Edison who backed DC (direct current) as the preferred method to delivery electricity to your home, and George Westinghouse who backed AC (alternating current).&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are two other epic battles of business and technology that stand out as similar to the War of Currents, the war over television in the 1930s, and the browser wars of the 1990s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The War of Currents**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1890s the War of Currents was a business and technology battle that started between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse. Many history books and website tout the battle as Edison versus Tesla. The cult of Tesla has glorified Nikola Tesla to be the ultimate inventor of AC power distribution.&amp;#160; Tesla was a genius, and a major contributor to AC Power distribution, but Tesla was a part of a team put together by George Westinghouse.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla and Westinghouse made a good team.&amp;#160; In areas where Tesla failed, Westinghouse excelled. Nikola Tesla was a visionary with many ideas, he could see the problems and solve them in his head. Westinghouse was a systems thinker. Westinghouse purchased various patents from European inventors Gaulard and Gibbs, and then purchased patents from Tesla, to build a system to that would distribute AC power to American homes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Maybe Tesla understood his weakness, as he stated, &amp;quot;George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only man on this globe who could take my alternating-current system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against prejudice and money power. He was one of the world&amp;#039;s true noblemen, of whom America may well be proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When Tesla was a forgotten man living in New York hotels in the final years of his life, it was Westinghouse that was picking up the tab for his room and board.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;To put the &amp;quot;War of Currents&amp;quot; into perspective, it was a major victory for Team Westinghouse, and a major defeat for Thomas Edison, who lost control of Edison Electric over his stubbornness. Control of Edison Electric was wrestled away from Edison by J.P. Morgan who merged it with Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.&amp;#160; George Westinghouse prevailed not only on the technology side, but also on the business side as he fought various patent battles in the years that followed.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse started as an inventor of railroad products like the air brake. Westinghouse understood that beyond having an idea, to profit from an invention one must undertake manufacturing and marketing as well.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The war over television**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When I was young, always curious about science and inventors, I remember looking up who invented television. We had encyclopedias back then, and I remember reading that Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of television.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I don&amp;#039;t remember exactly what encyclopedia gave me that information, but for many years I took it as a fact that Zworykin invented television. Thanks to the commercialization of the internet in the 1990s I found a whole new world of information and discovered that the invention of television was not a simple question to answer.&amp;#160; I also learned of a battle by the followers of Philo T Farnsworth to promote his cause as the inventor of television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Philo T. Farnsworth was a Mormon who lived in Utah, not exactly the place for the hot bed of technology. While in high he filled several blackboards with sketches and diagrams showing his high school science teacher his ideas for an electronic television system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Russian scientist and inventor Boris Rosing started experimentation on various aspects of electronic television in the late 1890s. As a young engineering student, Vladimir Zworykin worked for Rosing and assisted him in some of his laboratory work. Zworykin moved to the United States following the Russian Revolution in 1919. When he arrived in America, Zworykin worked at Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1920s David Sarnoff of RCA had the vision of developing television. In 1929 Sarnoff of RCA, a Russian American like Vladimir Zworykin, recruited him to develop television for RCA. Zworykin received an invitation from David Sarnoff to come to New York and discuss working for him at RCA to develop television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;David Sarnoff offered to buy Farnsworth&amp;#039;s patents in 1931, with the condition that Farnsworth become an employee of RCA. Farnsworth refused Sarnoff&amp;#039;s offer and spend much of the next several years fighting David Sarnoff and RCA in the court room over television patents. Farnsworth eventually prevailed as RCA finally conceded to a multi-year licensing agreement with Farnsworth.&amp;#160; But Sarnoff and RCA would grab the spotlight as RCA introduced electronic television to the world at New York World&amp;#039;s Fair 1939.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Even though Farnsworth won the battle, defeating RCA in court to uphold his patent claims, he lost the war as the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation never took off. Farnsworth sold his company to International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) in 1951.Most people have heard of RCA (Radio Corporation of America), they went on to be a large and profitable company. Who knows of Farnsworth? Farnsworth&amp;#039;s family continues to promote his name, and his claim to the invention of television.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Just an interesting side note, RCA was originally part of GE (General Electric), the company created during the War of Currents. In the 1930s the U.S. Department of Justice forced GE to give up their ownership interests in RCA. Decades later, in 1986 GE would once again acquire RCA. Interesting bits of tech history wrapped up in RCA.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There have been comparisons made to David Sarnoff of RCA as a driving force to establish the dominance of his company in the development of television to Bill Gates of Microsoft and his obsession to have Internet Explorer win the browser wars.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The browser wars**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What often gets lost in the discussion of the internet is the final piece of the puzzle, the web browser, the client software that connects the desktop computer in front of you to a server somewhere else in the world.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Mosaic was the web browser that led to the Internet boom of the 1990s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;American entrepreneur and computer scientist James Henry Clark and recruited Marc Andreessen, one of the creators of the Mosaic Web browser at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), to create Netscape Communications Corporation, and produce a web browser called Netscape Navigator, based on the Mosaic web browser. The world is ready to take on the graphical world wide web, and Netscape Navigator becomes the popular browser to &amp;quot;surf the web.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A lot was happening in the world of personal computing around 1995.&amp;#160; The graphical user interface of Windows 95 coming along at the same time the world was discovering the internet was the perfect storm for Microsoft.&amp;#160; Microsoft was releasing their new desktop computer operating system called Windows 95 which included a web browser called Internet Explorer.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The war was fought over Microsoft bundling the web browser as a part of the desktop computer operating system, a claim that would be challenged in the courts. The court room fights lingered on, with very little negative effects on Microsoft.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1997, Microsoft declares war on Netscape with the release of Internet Explorer 4. The war was officially on when a a group of Microsoft employees placed a large metal likeness of the Internet Explorer logo on the front lawn at Netscape Communications in Mountain View, California. In the five years that followed Netscape&amp;#039;s browser market share went from more than 70% to less than 5%.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The life and death of Netscape Navigator is a brief history that spanned only about ten years. In the ten-year period from 1993 to 2003, Netscape Navigator went from the leading web browser of the internet to an afterthought left in the dust.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**What about Apple versus Microsoft**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people might mention the battle of Apple versus Microsoft as an epic battle. The outgoing Steve Jobs often made the more nerdy Bill Gates look silly, but over the years Bill Gates and Steve Jobs had a working respectful working relationship.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In fact, many present-day Apple fanboys may not realize that back in 1997 Apple was on the verge of bankruptcy and Steve Jobs got Bill Gates to save the company with a $150 million investment.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; battle**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The battles where business and technology mix are often the story of patent fights and court room battles. Online forums debate who did it first and point to patents.&amp;#160; Often the right to claim credit for an invention is often based on the the first person to patent the item and being part of the company that was the first to bring that item to the marketplace.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Invention is a word that is very fuzzy in common usage. Often what people say is an invention is simply a vision, an idea. It is interesting how many ideas are issued a patent without a working prototype being created. That gets into a big issue of intellectual property definitions, which gets way too deep for this conversation.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Closing with a bit of trivia. The first &amp;quot;invention&amp;quot; registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, July 31, 1790, was a formula for fertilizer.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) opened in 1790, there were 3 patents that year; one was a formula for fertilizer, the second a process in the manufacturing of candles, and the third was an automated flour mill.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We will have more on the individual stories of these visionary inventors and their stories in upcoming chapters.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;** Up next [[villains | The myths and legends of evil villains Steve Jobs and Thomas Edison]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 21:01:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>early-television-technology-frequently-asked-questions</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/early-television-technology-frequently-asked-questions</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/08 06:32&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Frequently asked questions about television technology ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ ::crt_460.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As&amp;#160; we look at the history of television, I wanted to tackle some of the&amp;#160; frequently asked questions about the origins of the technology, as well&amp;#160; as share some cool resources on movies and television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One&amp;#160; commonly asked question is why the early televisions had round screens.&amp;#160; The television picture tube was a vacuum tube that contains one or more&amp;#160; electron guns and a phosphorescent screen used to display images known&amp;#160; as a cathode ray tubes (CRT).  When the original cathode ray tube was&amp;#160; invented it was an experimental device, television was not yet&amp;#160; developed. The natural shape of the cathode ray tube was round, as shown&amp;#160; here in the diagram. The cheapest and easiest way to manufacture a CRT&amp;#160; was to make it round.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The television picture is created on the&amp;#160; surface of the cathode ray tube by drawing it rapidly line by line. The&amp;#160; entire front area of the CRT is scanned repetitively and systematically&amp;#160; in a fixed pattern. Before 1940 there was no standard in the United&amp;#160; States for how the picture was created electronically using the cathode&amp;#160; ray tube.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1940 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)&amp;#160; established The National Television System Committee (NTSC) to resolve&amp;#160; the conflicts that were made between companies over the introduction of a&amp;#160; nation wide analog television system in the United States.  The NTSC&amp;#160; standard selected 525 scan lines, an aspect ratio of 4:3, and frequency&amp;#160; modulation (FM) for the sound signal. The number of 525 lines was chosen&amp;#160; as a because of the limitations of the vacuum-tube-based technologies&amp;#160; of the day.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Why an aspect ratio of 4:3?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The&amp;#160; term aspect ratio is used in many fields to describe the proportional&amp;#160; relationship between width and height, expressed as two numbers&amp;#160; separated by a colon. For example when we say that the early televisions&amp;#160; had an aspect ratio of 4:3, that means they are 4 units wide and 3&amp;#160; units high.  The early television standard of the 4:3 aspect ratio was&amp;#160; chosen because movies in that era were filmed in a 4:3 aspect ratio.&amp;#160; Movies originally photographed on 35 mm film could be satisfactorily&amp;#160; viewed on early televisions.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Motion pictures, a series of still&amp;#160; images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving&amp;#160; images, or as we sometimes call them, movies, are a different field from&amp;#160; television.  But the early days of motion pictures actually set the&amp;#160; standard for the concept of aspect ratio, the relationship of height to&amp;#160; width of an image. For many years the standard movie screen, as well as&amp;#160; the standard analog television, had an aspect ratio of 4:3.  &amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The evolution of round screens to rectangular**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The&amp;#160; cheapest and easiest way to manufacture a CRT was to make it round. But&amp;#160; the aspect ration of 4:3 lends itself to a more rectangular design. The&amp;#160; CRT slowly evolved to being essentially rectangular in shape but it had&amp;#160; rounded edges because it was a glass tube. You could not create a&amp;#160; perfect rectangle using the process that created the glass cathode ray&amp;#160; tubes in the early days of television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If you look at the photo of various televisions you see a variety of&amp;#160; screen sizes as well as shapes, and you can see the evolution of round&amp;#160; screens to rectangular. The attached photograph was taken at the&amp;#160; National Capital Radio and Television Museum, a cool little geek history&amp;#160; museum located in Bowie, Maryland. It is a small house jam-packed with&amp;#160; displays on the history of radio and television. The extremely&amp;#160; knowledgeable staff was full of stories about everything on display and&amp;#160; ready to answer any question. The museum does a great job of preserving&amp;#160; technology history.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Increasing the number of channels**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;During&amp;#160; the 1940s and the 1950s broadcast television stations in the United&amp;#160; States were primarily transmitted on the VHF band, channels 2-13.  If&amp;#160; you live in a large city you will notice the long established stations&amp;#160; usually are lower numbered.  Television manufacturers like RCA, ran&amp;#160; their own networks, such as NBC. Since the major TV networks were&amp;#160; well-established on VHF, many smaller stations on the UHF band, channels&amp;#160; 14 to 83, were struggling for survival. Fourth-network operators such&amp;#160; as the DuMont Television Network were forced to expand using UHF&amp;#160; channels due to a lack of available VHF channels.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1961 the&amp;#160; United States Congress passed the All-Channel Receiver Act (ACRA) to&amp;#160; allow the Federal Communications Commission to require that all&amp;#160; television set manufacturers must include UHF tuners. All new TV sets&amp;#160; sold after 1964 had built-in UHF tuners.  The All-Channel Receiver Act&amp;#160; allowed the UHF TV stations to grow and eventually would outnumber the&amp;#160; long established VHF stations.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What happened to Channel 1?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When&amp;#160; I was young, and the television had a rotary dial that took me from&amp;#160; channels 2 through 13, I always wondered, what happened to channel 1? In&amp;#160; 1948, Channel 1 frequencies were deleted from those allocated to&amp;#160; television use and given over completely to radio services. The FCC&amp;#160; decided not to renumber the channels since many televisions were being&amp;#160; made using the existing channel numbers.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**History of Television resources**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If&amp;#160; you want to learn more about television, from the perspective of the&amp;#160; appliance that sits in your living room, rather than from the&amp;#160; broadcasting side, there is a great pair of videos by RCA.  Reasons Why,&amp;#160; The (Part I) (1959) and Reasons Why, The (Part II) (1959) are two&amp;#160; videos that can be watched online or downloaded for later viewing. &amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Reasons Why, The (Part I)  https://archive.org/details/reasons_why_1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Reasons Why, The (Part II)  https://archive.org/details/reasons_why_2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Classic&amp;#160; scenes of geeks from the 1950s showing various facets of television set&amp;#160; design, engineering, and quality control. The RCA manufacturing videos&amp;#160; are part of a section of the Internet Archive known as the Prelinger&amp;#160; Archives, a collection of over 60,000 advertising, educational,&amp;#160; industrial, and amateur films.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Created in 1992 primarily to&amp;#160; document the history of the Cathode Ray Tube it does a nice job of&amp;#160; illustrating the basic concept of the CRT. It also includes a bit of&amp;#160; television history showing the evolution of the CRT.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Cathode Ray Tube https://archive.org/details/KF.BraunCathodeRayTube&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A&amp;#160; propaganda infomercial by RCA to brag about what they have done in the&amp;#160; world of television. Not the most historically accurate account of&amp;#160; television, but still a very interesting bit of geek history.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Story of Television  Published 1956 https://archive.org/details/Story_of_Television_The&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Free online movies great digital library&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Spending&amp;#160; a Saturday morning at the Internet Archives (archive.org) is like going&amp;#160; to the library or your favorite museum, and the best part about it is&amp;#160; that you don&amp;#039;t need to leave the comfort of your home computer desk.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;All&amp;#160; of the video files can be viewed for free online, and many are&amp;#160; available to be downloaded and viewed offline. The Internet Archive does&amp;#160; a decent job of making sure copyrights are not violated.  Most of the&amp;#160; files are public domain, but some may occasionally have some&amp;#160; restrictions for use and are marked as to how they may be used.  Because&amp;#160; copyright laws have changed from time to time over the years, many of&amp;#160; the files are considered public domain, or copyright free, for a variety&amp;#160; of reasons.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Internet Archive does a decent job of making&amp;#160; sure copyrights are not violated.  Most of the files are public domain,&amp;#160; but some may occasionally have some restrictions for use and are marked&amp;#160; as to how they may be used.  Because copyright laws have changed from&amp;#160; time to time over the years, many of the files are considered public&amp;#160; domain, or copyright free, for a variety of reasons.  All of the video&amp;#160; files can be viewed for free online, and many are available to be&amp;#160; downloaded and viewed offline.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;National Capital Radio and Television Museum, a cool little geek history museum in Bowie, Maryland.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Internet Archive is a non-profit organization on a mission to build a digital library. Just like a visit to your favorite museum or traditional paper library, they provide&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;free access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public to digital files on a wide variety of topics.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Internet Archive is non-profit organization on a mission to build a digital library providing free access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;While the Internet Archive has a large collection of videos on a wide variety of topics, in this article we will take a look at some of the videos that would be a great&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;resource for anyone studying the history of television. The file descriptions contain links to the site from where the files can be viewed or downloaded.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;http://geekhistory.com/content/early-television-technology-frequently-asked-questions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:14:02 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>gary-kildall-bio</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/gary-kildall-bio</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/06/09 21:45&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== The Forgotten Genius of Gary Kildall ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{:kildall_49.jpg}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Gary Kildall is the forgotten geek should be remembered for creating the first programming language and first compiler specifically for microprocessors and the first microprocessor disk operating system.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The mythology tells the story of Gary Kildall as a man who could have been the next Bill Gates, that was screwed over by IBM, cheated by Microsoft, and died in a fight in a biker bar.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall is one of the founders of the personal computer industry, but you probably don’t know his name. Usually when someone talks about DOS referring to the microcomputer Disk Operating System they are usually talking about Microsoft DOS.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many geek history websites will tell you about Microsoft DOS being created in 1980, they often overlook CP/M developed in 1974 by Gary Kildall.&amp;#160; In fact, it makes me angry that the work of Gary Kildall is very often not mentioned in the history of desktop computer operating systems.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I recently stumbled upon some videos from the mid 1980s and watched Gary Kildall explaining CP/M. Those 1980s videos brought back memories as I remembered the first desktop computers, I worked on used CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall&amp;#039;s name doesn&amp;#039;t get mentioned much, neither does CP/M, but they are a very important chapter in desktop computer history. Now that I have Kindall&amp;#039;s story on my mind and have some old videos to using for creating some geek history snippets, I have more to follow up with in the weeks ahead. For today, I just getting started on telling the story of another often-forgotten geek, Gary Kildall.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Gary Kildall BIO**&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall grew up in Seattle, Washington, the son of a Norwegian‑heritage sea captain who ran a seamanship school. Maybe that’s where Gary got his love of adventure—because he spent his life chasing the things that made him feel alive: flying, sports cars, racing, boating, and anything that involved motion and risk. He loved the sea, but he also loved the sky.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He earned a bachelor’s in mathematics in 1967 and a master’s in computer science in 1968, both from the University of Washington. When the Vietnam War draft came calling, he fulfilled his obligation by teaching at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Afterward, he returned to UW and completed his doctorate in computer science in 1972.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Then came the moment that should have made him a household name.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1974, in Pacific Grove, California, Gary Kildall demonstrated the first working prototype of CP/M—the operating system that would dominate early microcomputers. And he didn’t stop there. He also created the BIOS, the Basic Input/Output System, the little piece of magic that lets a computer talk to its disk drives. That concept first appeared in CP/M in 1975, and yes, variations of it still exist in modern PCs. Gary wasn’t just ahead of the curve—he drew the curve.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Digital Research is born**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1976, Gary and his wife Dorothy founded a company with a name only a true geek could love: Intergalactic Digital Research. Eventually they shortened it to Digital Research, Inc., but the spirit stayed the same. They marketed CP/M through hobbyist magazines, and for a while, CP/M was the operating system for microcomputers.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The IBM meeting that became mythology**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1980, IBM approached Digital Research to license CP/M‑86 for their new IBM PC. Gary did what he often did—he left the initial business negotiations to Dorothy while he and colleague Tom Rolander flew Gary’s private plane to deliver software to a client.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;IBM insisted Dorothy sign a non‑disclosure agreement before even explaining why they were there. Dorothy refused without Gary’s approval. When Gary returned later that day, he tried to resume the conversation, but from here the story splinters into competing versions—depending on whether you’re hearing it from IBM, Microsoft, or someone who just likes a good myth.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What we do know is this: IBM walked away frustrated, Microsoft stepped in, and the world got MS‑DOS.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**DRI vs. IBM and Microsoft**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When Gary later saw an early copy of MS‑DOS, he was furious at the similarities to CP/M. At a meeting with IBM, he agreed not to sue for copyright infringement if IBM would market his version alongside theirs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;IBM agreed—sort of.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What they didn’t tell him was that PC‑DOS would sell for $40, while CP/M‑86 would sell for $240. A six‑to‑one price difference. A rigged game. A “let the market decide” setup where the market had already been told which answer was correct.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In a 1995 episode of Computer Chronicles, Tom Rolander recalled how stunned they were when they learned about the pricing. They had no idea IBM planned to stack the deck that heavily.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary believed IBM intentionally priced CP/M‑86 out of the market to marginalize Digital Research. And honestly, looking at the numbers, it’s hard to argue with him.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;This was the moment that changed him. The moment the creative technologist became a frustrated businessman. The moment the drinking began. His colleagues said the IBM experience haunted him. He spent years being asked, “Are you the guy who blew off IBM to go flying?”—a myth he never escaped.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In later years, he grew increasingly bitter about being overshadowed by Microsoft. And the alcoholism worsened.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Gary and Dorothy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary and Dorothy were partners in every sense at the beginning—co‑founders, collaborators, a team. But the years that followed were not kind. By 1983, they separated and later divorced. Dorothy’s role in the early success of Digital Research is undeniable, yet history rarely mentions her.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The ultimate insult&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1992, the University of Washington held a 25th‑anniversary event for its computer science program. Gary, one of its most distinguished graduates, was invited—not to speak, but to sit in the audience. The keynote speaker? Bill Gates. A Harvard dropout who had never attended UW but had donated money.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary took it as the insult it was.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The death of a pioneer**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;On July 8, 1994, at age 52, Gary Kildall sustained a head injury at the Franklin Street Bar &amp;amp; Grill, a biker bar in Monterey, California. The exact circumstances remain unclear. The autopsy found evidence of chronic alcoholism. Early reports considered the possibility of homicide. The coroner noted the injury may have resulted from foul play. Police investigated but never reached a definitive conclusion.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary was cremated, and his remains were buried in Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park in north Seattle.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The final battle**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The last chapter of Digital Research vs. Microsoft played out after Gary’s death.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Years earlier, Gary had offered to sell Digital Research to Bill Gates for $26 million. Gates told him the company was worth no more than $10 million.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1991, Gary sold Digital Research to Novell for $120 million.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Five years later, in 1996, Caldera acquired the Digital Research assets from Novell and immediately filed an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft—one of the few times the score was even partially settled.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary never wanted to file suit against Microsoft because he always believed that in the end excellence in programming would win in the marketplace.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary wasn&amp;#039;t alive to see it, the final battle of Digital Research versus Microsoft was a victory for Digital Research.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Closing thoughts**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The article announcing Kildall&amp;#039;s death in the Seattle times, Kildall&amp;#039;s home town, was titled &amp;quot;A Career Spent In Gates&amp;#039; Shadow&amp;quot;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Writing this script renewed my appreciation of Gary Kildall, as a forgotten geek that deserves to be remember for his many accomplishments.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Writing this script also reminded me of the ruthless nature of Bill Gates.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Written in the months before his death in 1994, Kildall&amp;#039;s privately circulated memoir contains the following, &amp;quot;I have grown up in the industry with Gates. He is divisive. He is manipulative. He is a user. He has taken much from me and the industry.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I wrote this script from perspective of telling the story of Gary Kildall without getting too deep into the geek speak and buzzwords of the personal computer industry.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Kildall had a very kind heart and never sued Microsoft or IBM for cheating him. Instead, he went on to host the show Computer Chronicles and later on died a mysterious death in a biker’s bar, where he sustained multiple head injuries.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall, was one of the founders of the personal computer industry, but you probably don’t know his name.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary viewed computers as learning tools rather than profit engines.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He laid the ground work from which all personal computers evolved.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#geek #history #operatingsystems&amp;#160; #technology #innovation #inspiration #whatinspiresme&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://www.digitalresearch.biz/DR/Info/f_lw-01-vcontrol_4.html&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19940714/1920286/a-career-spent-in-gates-shadow----computer-pioneer-dies-at-52&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19940716/1920582/computer-pioneers-death-probed----kildall-called-possible-victim-of-homicide&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://dfarq.homeip.net/gary-kildalls-death-investigation/&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://www.digitalresearch.biz/index.htm&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/Operatin1984&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://computerhistory.org/blog/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;http://www.digitalresearch.biz/CPM.HTM&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/kildall-memoirs-release/&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://computerhistory.org/blog/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#9 The Forgotten Genius of Gary Kildall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Legacy of Forgotten Genius Gary Kildall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Gary Kildall should have been one of the most famous names in computer history. Instead, he became a footnote. Gary Kildall was overshadowed by IBM, erased by Microsoft, and buried under decades of mythology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;This video tells the real story of Gary Kildall:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;the creator of CP/M, inventor of the BIOS, co‑founder of Digital Research, and one of the true architects of the personal computer revolution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He wasn’t the reckless guy who “blew off IBM to go flying.”&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He wasn’t the myth.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He was a brilliant, adventurous, easygoing technologist whose work shaped the desktop computers we still use today.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;From the IBM negotiations to the MS‑DOS takeover, from the price‑rigging that crushed CP/M to the personal toll it took on him, this is the story of a pioneer who deserved better—and deserves to be remembered.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#GaryKildall #TechHistory #CPM #DigitalResearch #forgottengeeks&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#geekhistory #crankycynic&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/HH7lPXiU2SY&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Titles Fortnote Sabe Game 8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;See the complete&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;video on YouTube&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;@CrankyCynic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/HH7lPXiU2SY&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Learn about Gary Kildall. It&amp;#039;s a Shakespearean tragedy set in the early 1980s.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 21:46:24 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>geekhistory-explores-who-invented-radio</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/geekhistory-explores-who-invented-radio</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/11 19:53&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Geekhistory explores who invented radio ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :radioinvented640.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Answering the question of &amp;quot;who invented radio&amp;quot; is another example of the complexities of defining inventors of inventions. There is no one &amp;quot;eureka&amp;quot; moment where a lone inventor in a lab created something totally new that changed everything.&amp;#160; Radio was an ongoing evolution of an idea over time. It is not as simple as picking out a single individual, or even a single point in time, that was the turning point in the creation of radio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I started my career in technology in the 1970s working on military communications and citizens band radios. As I studied technology I remember Guglielmo Marconi was often mentioned as the &amp;quot;father of radio.&amp;quot; Over time I have come to realize that Marconi is one of many contributions to the technology of radio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What makes that task even more difficult with radio is that the term itself does not define a simple single item.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When I say radio, do you think of music broadcast over the airwaves? When I say wireless do you think of voice communications?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The concept of radio continues to evolve. In the early half of the 21st century the term wireless could be used to describe a short-range computer networking system, with technologies such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The term wireless is also applied to a mobile telephone system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The concept of radio started as&amp;#160; the transmission of telegraph messages without connecting wires.&amp;#160; The etymology of &amp;quot;radio&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;radiotelegraphy&amp;quot; reveals that it was called &amp;quot;wireless telegraphy&amp;quot; which was later shortened to &amp;quot;wireless.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Radio visionaries**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Michael Faraday is best known for his work regarding electricity and magnetism. Faraday began his great series of experiments in 1831 on the concepts of electromagnetic induction.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;James Clerk Maxwell introduced the concept of electromagnetic field in the 1860s. Based on the earlier experimental work of Faraday and other scientists and on his own modification to Ampere&amp;#039;s law, James Clerk Maxwell developed his theory of electromagnetism, which predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Heinrich Rudolf Hertz conduct a series of experiments between 1886 and 1889 that validated Maxwell&amp;#039;s theory.&amp;#160; The unit of frequency, cycle per second, was named the &amp;quot;hertz&amp;quot; in his honor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The son of a wealthy Italian landowner, Guglielmo Marconi used the upper floor of his parents Bologna estate as a laboratory. In the 1890s Marconi duplicated Heinrich Hertz’s experiments and succeeded in sending signals over long distances&amp;#160; Marconi&amp;#039;s first experiments in wireless telegraphy were aimed at communicating without wires at increasing ranges.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;By 1899 Marconi was constructing wireless stations on both sides of the English Channel and in 1901 he installed transmitters powerful enough to send messages across the Atlantic. The often cited reason that Marconi is considered the &amp;quot;father of radio&amp;quot; that he allegedly sent the first wireless signal across Atlantic in 1901.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Guglielmo Marconi and his assistant, George Kemp, heard the faint clicks of Morse code for the letter &amp;quot;s&amp;quot; transmitted without wires across the Atlantic Ocean on December 12, 1901. His claim to have successfully completed the transmission is disputed by some scientists of his day because the only witness was George Kemp, and the signals were too weak to operate an automatic recorder.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although skeptics take issue with Marconi&amp;#039;s initial claim of sending a signal across the Atlantic in 1901, Marconi would conduct additional tests in 1902, which were witnessed by others and recorded. Marconi began to build high-powered stations on both sides of the Atlantic to communicate with ships at sea in the years that followed his initial testing.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people say that Marconi was credited with the invention of radio because he had the financial backing of Andrew Carnegie, a great money man of the period. Marconi lived a transatlantic existence, working in both Europe and the United States to promote radio. But naming the father of radio is a complex issue of many inventors from various parts of the world working on experiments over many decades.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Nikola Tesla**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The supporters of Tesla will tell you that Marconi used Tesla&amp;#039;s patents to invent the radio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The science of electromagnetic fields and radio waves encompasses many things. For instance, in the case of Nikola Tesla, one of his patents was for a &amp;quot;Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles.&amp;quot; In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio controlled boat during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden in New York City. That&amp;#039;s pretty cool, and as far as I know, that is the first demonstration of its kind. Tesla&amp;#039;s work in the areas of electromagnetic fields and radio waves were part of his grand system of transmission of electric energy, but Tesla had very little interest in the technical development of wireless communications.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Nikola Tesla should not be called the father of radio, nor the sole inventor of radio, but in the context of Nikola Tesla&amp;#039;s life work, a lot of his more significant experiments were in the areas of electromagnetic fields and radio waves.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Jagadish Chandra Bose**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The supporters of J.C Bose will tell you that Marconi used Bose&amp;#039;s design of the coherer to invent the radio.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As far as Jagadish Chandra Bose his contribution to the concept of radio and radio waves was also significant. In 1894 J.C.Bose demonstrated the use of radio waves in Calcutta by igniting gunpowder to ring a bell using electromagnetic waves. His demonstration confirmed that communication signals can be sent without using wires. In 1895 J.C. Bose perfected a component used in early radio receivers called the coherer. Supporters of Jagadish Chandra Bose claim that the coherer designed by Bose was used by Marconi in his radio experiments that followed. Bose had a pretty diverse and extensive career in science and technology, he was similar to Tesla in the sense that his work in the area of radio was something he did along the way to other experiments. Jagadish Chandra Bose is one of many I would mention on the long list of forgotten geeks in the world of technology.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Reginald Aubrey Fessenden**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In answer to the question of who invented radio there are some Canadian members of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers that will be quick to point out that Canadian inventor Reginald Aubrey Fessenden should be recognized as the &amp;quot;father of radio.&amp;quot; Reginald Fessenden demonstrated the first wireless transmission of music and the human voice without wires to a receiver on Christmas Eve 1906 when he transmitted a Christmas concert to ships at sea.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Even the geeks at organizations like the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers have ongoing debates over who invented radio. You will find a few articles on the Canadian IEEE website on the work of Reginald Aubrey Fessenden.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Fessenden had an interesting career having worked with both Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse. In 1886 Fessenden began working directly for Thomas Edison at the laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey as a junior technician. Fessenden helped the Westinghouse Corporation install the lighting for the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. George Westinghouse personally recruited Fessenden for the newly created position of chair of the Electrical Engineering department at the Western University of Pennsylvania, which later became the University of Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Dr. Mahlon Loomis**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;From the mid-1860s until his death in 1886, Washington, D.C. dentist, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, explored wireless technology. Loomis claimed he developed a method of transmitting and receiving messages using the earth&amp;#039;s atmosphere as a conductor. Loomis sent up kites covered with a copper screen and connected to the ground with copper wires. The kites were 18 miles apart flying from two West Virginia mountaintops.&amp;#160; Loomis made numerous unsubstantiated claims that he had actually used his system for long-distance wireless communication, at first telegraphic, and later by wireless telephone for doing &amp;quot;all his talking with his assistant, 20 miles away, by a telephone, the connection being aerial only.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Patent No. 129,971, dated July 30, 1872, issued to Mahlon Loomis has often been said to be the first to describe an aerial wireless telegraph system.&amp;#160; While some have pointed to Loomis as one of the original &amp;quot;inventors&amp;quot; of radio, his claims are pretty weak. Loomis had not identified the names of independent witnesses to his claims of wireless communications, and his patent contains no schematic diagram of how to build it.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Supreme Court Ruling overturns Marconi patents**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The invention of radio seems like it should have been a simple idea, but discussing the concept of radio stirs up some of the most fascination and complex debates over the history of technology. One such debate is over the meaning of the 1943 United States Supreme Court case of Marconi Wireless versus the United States.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Supporters of Nikola Tesla point to the 1943 ruling by the US Supreme Court as &amp;quot;proof&amp;quot; that Tesla should be called the father of radio because Marconi lost the patents to radio.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**As far as the decision proclaiming Nikola Tesla the inventor of radio, the following two sentences are from the remarks of Mr. Chief Justice Stone in delivering the opinion of the Court are pretty clear.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;//&amp;quot;Marconi&amp;#039;s reputation as the man who first achieved successful radio transmission rests on his original patent, which became reissue No. 11,913, and which is not here [320 U.S. 1, 38] in question. That reputation, however well-deserved, does not entitle him to a patent for every later improvement which he claims in the radio field.&amp;quot;//&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Supreme Court declared various Marconi patents invalid, it affirmed prior work and patents by not only Nikola Tesla, but also patents that were held by Sir Oliver Lodge and John Stone Stone. The Tesla argument sounds good on the surface, until you read the court ruling. The syllabus at the beginning of the 1943 U.S. Supreme Court decision provides a summary of the ruling. You really have to dig into the decision to find references to Tesla.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Sir Oliver Lodge and John Stone Stone**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I have often said that the more I learn, the more I realize how little I know.&amp;#160; The question of &amp;quot;who invented radio&amp;quot; is definitely an example of that thought. After hearing various claims by Tesla fanboys that the 1943 ruling on the Marconi patent proved that Marconi stole his ideas from Tesla, I took the time to read up on the decision. I found two more names that needed to be added to the list of who invented radio, John Stone Stone and Sir Oliver Lodge.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Sir Oliver Lodge demonstrated an early radio wave detector he named the &amp;quot;coherer.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; The &amp;quot;coherer&amp;quot; is a component used in early radio receivers as a radio signal detector, and was also mentioned by J.C Bose as something Marconi &amp;quot;borrowed&amp;quot; from other inventors.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;John Stone Stone is a forgotten geek who was an avid inventor in the fields of radio and telephone.&amp;#160; John Stone Stone had over 100 patents in the United States covering telegraph and telephone devices and radio technology.&amp;#160; The 1943 Supreme Court ruling that overturned many Marconi patents was in regards to Stone&amp;#039;s 1900 tuning patent having&amp;#160; priority over a similar patent by Marconi. Sadly, the decision came down shortly after Stone&amp;#039;s death.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I don&amp;#039;t take the patents as the ultimate proof of an invention, but they do serve the purpose of putting a time and date stamp on various accomplishments.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**So who invented radio?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The technology of radio is the result of a very long evolution over a period of many years.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The origins of radio can be traced to the theories of Michael Faraday in the 1830s and James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz studied Maxwell&amp;#039;s theory and conducted scientific experiments proving the existence of radio waves in the 1880s.&amp;#160; The inventors that followed, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone Stone, all made contributions along the way.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When asked who is the father of radio there can be only one answer, &amp;quot;It&amp;#039;s complicated.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:30:23 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>george-westinghouse-used-tesla-power-defeat-edison-currents-war</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/george-westinghouse-used-tesla-power-defeat-edison-currents-war</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/11 20:03&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== George Westinghouse defeated Thomas Edison in War of Currents ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{::warofcurrents800.jpg?400 |}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The War of Currents was a great science and technology feud in the late 1800s between the Edison Electric Light Company and Westinghouse Electric Company over what electric power transmission system should be used.&amp;#160; The Westinghouse Electric Company supported AC (alternating current) and the Edison Electric Light Company supported DC (direct current).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The internet loves to portray the battle as one between rival inventors Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla.&amp;#160; It makes for a good story of the hero, Tesla, defeating his rival, Edison. Both Edison and Tesla were well known at the time, and both a bit crazy. Thomas Edison was a well known inventor riding his success and media attention for inventing the phonograph. Edison leveraged his name and fame to start building DC power plants in New York City. Westinghouse, unlike his rival Edison, did not seek media attention, and was a very private person.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The battle for public opinion over which system should be used to power America turned into a nasty smear campaign by Edison. An inventor and electrical engineer named Harold Brown became the front man for a campaign to show the world the dangers of alternating current. Stories are told of how Brown paid local children to collect stray dogs off the street that he used for experiments showing the dangers of alternating current. Despite publicly denouncing capital punishment, Edison secretly financed the alternating current electric chair developed by Brown. Edison launched a media campaign telling the world AC was deadly, using the word &amp;quot;Westinghoused&amp;quot; to describe an execution by electrocution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The concept of AC power distribution was not a new concept for Westinghouse, he was also an inventor in the gas industry. Westinghouse believed that AC was a better method of power distribution, and believed that electric company founded by his rival Thomas Edison was structurally flawed in its beliefs of using DC power.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1885 Westinghouse became interested in the inventions of European Inventors Gaulard and Gibbs and purchased the American rights to their patents for AC current transformers. Westinghouse and his staff worked on improving and redesigning the transformers, and the Westinghouse Electric Company was started in 1886.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Tesla and Westinghouse partnership**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1888 Nikola Tesla presented to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers his polyphase alternating current system in the report A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;When Westinghouse heard of Nikola Tesla and the Tesla Polyphase System, he knew that could be the final piece he needed in building a better system than Edison&amp;#039;s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse was working with AC for years before meeting up with Tesla.&amp;#160; Westinghouse was a systems thinker, he also had a knack for spotting good ideas and people and bringing them into his fold, and he knew AC power distribution was a good idea.&amp;#160; Westinghouse was impressed with Tesla&amp;#039;s work and approached him about joining forces. Westinghouse purchased Tesla&amp;#039;s alternating current patents on the electric systems and paid Tesla to work with him until they were fully implemented.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The first major event in Tesla&amp;#039;s victory over Edison in the War of Currents happened when Tesla joined forces with George Westinghouse. Over the next few years Tesla and Westinghouse would work together and two major accomplishments would mark their victory in the War of Currents over Edison.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1892, after a fierce battle versus Edison, Westinghouse won the contract to power the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; On May 1, 1893, President Grover Cleveland pushed a button, a hundred thousand incandescent lamps illuminated the Columbian Exposition.&amp;#160; The success of the Tesla Polyphase System installed at the exposition would help Westinghouse in their next major victory in being awarded the initial Niagara Falls contract.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Since his childhood, Tesla had dreamed of harnessing the power of the great natural wonder Niagara Falls.&amp;#160; In October 1893, Tesla&amp;#039;s dream became a reality, when Westinghouse was awarded the Niagara Falls Power contract to create the powerhouse. The Westinghouse company, with Tesla&amp;#039;s guidance, had won the War of Currents.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Adding insult to his defeat in the War of Currents, Edison would also lose control of his electric power business in 1892.&amp;#160; Notorious financier J.P. Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**How much money did Tesla get?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The saga of Nikola Tesla talks about the man who died broke and alone in a New York hotel.&amp;#160; But the Tesla and Westinghouse partnership would make Tesla a millionaire.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Various versions of the story tell of how the deal went down and how the two men met. The generally accepted story states that Westinghouse paid Tesla around $60,000 for his patents for AC motors and generators, that&amp;#039;s roughly the equivalent of $1.4 million in today&amp;#039;s dollars. Tesla was also given a $2000 a month salary to work for Westinghouse, the equivalent of $48,000 per month today.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One condition of the Tesla and Westinghouse partnership was that Tesla received royalties of $2.50 per horsepower of electrical capacity sold. As AC power slowly became more widely adopted, Westinghouse paid Tesla hundreds of thousands of dollars in royalties each year.&amp;#160; By 1890, one year before his 35th birthday, Tesla had become a millionaire.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;Another part of the financial arrangement of the Tesla and Westinghouse&amp;#160; partnership that often gets skewed when the story is told is Tesla&amp;#039;s&amp;#160; agreement to terminate the ongoing royalties on the power being&amp;#160; generated. Westinghouse was having some cash flow issues and he asked&amp;#160; Tesla if he could suspend payments for a while.&amp;#160; As the story goes Tesla&amp;#160; was grateful for the opportunities that Westinghouse had given him, and&amp;#160; tore up the contract for the ongoing royalties.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla did not simply walk away from the contract and get nothing in return.&amp;#160; According to the book &amp;quot;Tesla: Man Out of Time&amp;quot; by Margaret Cheney, the Westinghouse Company&amp;#039;s annual report of 1897 states that Tesla was paid $216,600 for outright purchase of his patents.&amp;#160; The relative value of $216,000.00 from 1897 in current purchasing power is over $6 million dollars.&amp;#160; We have listed here the dollar amounts as they were paid in 1890s and given some conservative estimates in modern dollars for comparison to put the amounts into perspective. For example, using a simple Purchasing Power Calculator, multiplying $216,000 by the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index from 1897 to 2013, gives a relative value of over $6.2 million.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Regardless of the methods used to calculate the numbers, when Tesla walked away from his partnership with Westinghouse, he had built up a nice nest egg.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Tesla after the War of Currents**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Nikola Tesla was very much a working partner with George Westinghouse in defeating Edison in the War of Currents. Tesla had the visions, he could see the problems and solve them in his head.&amp;#160; Westinghouse had the business and management skills to build the team to accomplish the mission.&amp;#160; Tesla and Westinghouse made a good team, but Tesla moved on after the War of Currents.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The success of Tesla and Westinghouse working together as a team also illustrates the reason for many of Tesla&amp;#039;s future failures. Without good business and management skills Tesla would burn through his entire personal fortune on failed projects In the years that followed. In the PBS documentary &amp;quot;Tesla Master of Lightning&amp;quot; Tesla&amp;#039;s grand-nephew William Terbo explains the downfall of Nikola Tesla, &amp;quot;He was totally disinterested in business. He did not make the relationship between the importance of business and the importance of his invention and discovery.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;Tesla seemed to respect the part that Westinghouse played in their victory in the War of Currents. According to the Westinghouse website Nikola Tesla said, &amp;quot;George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only man on this globe who could take my alternating-current system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against prejudice and money power. He was one of the world&amp;#039;s true noblemen, of whom America may well be proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse died in 1914.&amp;#160; Here just a few of the words from Tesla about Westinghouse as they appeared March 21, 1914 in Electrical world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;//&amp;quot;His was a wonderful career filled with remark- able achievements. He gave to the world a number of valuable inventions and improvements, created new industries, advanced the mechanical and electrical arts and improved in many ways the conditions of modem life. He was a great pioneer and builder whose work was of far reaching effect on his time and whose name will live long in the memory of men.&amp;quot;//&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Various accounts claim different reasons for the Westinghouse Corporation coming to Tesla&amp;#039;s rescue later in his life when he was broke and alone. Tesla would move to the Hotel New Yorker in 1934, with the room paid for by the Westinghouse Corporation. One story is that Tesla was hit by a taxi on the streets of New York and was injured. Westinghouse executives hearing that he was in need of help, agreed to pay his room and board for the remainder of his life.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The ultimate irony**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Edison&amp;#039;s greatest defeat in business and technology was losing the “War of Currents” to George Westinghouse.&amp;#160; In 1911 George Westinghouse received the AIEE&amp;#039;s Edison Medal &amp;quot;For meritorious achievement in connection with the development of the alternating current system.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is most coveted medal in this field of engineering in the United States and is named after the inventor Thomas Edison.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;From the realms of geek history is George Westinghouse receiving the Edison Medal is the ultimate irony.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The REAL War of the Currents: Not Edison vs. Tesla (The Westinghouse Story)**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;vlS6FVzL11E |The REAL War of the Currents}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#TechHistory #ACvsDC&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;#Pittsburgh #History&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;http://geekhistory.com/content/george-westinghouse-used-tesla-power-defeat-edison-currents-war&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:08:09 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>ibm-the-story-people-believed</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/ibm-the-story-people-believed</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/04/20 21:22&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== IBM: The Story People Believed ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The trilogy is complete.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;IBM didn’t just shape tech history — it shaped the myths we still repeat.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;From Xerox… to Microsoft… to the quote they never said.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If you missed any part of the series, here’s the full arc:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;📼 Episode 1: The Company That Invented Xerox&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;👉 {{ youtube&amp;gt;zqevYVG3ph0 |The Company That Invented Xerox}}&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;📼 Episode 2: The Company That Made Microsoft&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;👉 {{ youtube&amp;gt;dyA0cpbuU6k |IBM: The Company That Made Microsoft}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;📼 Episode 3: The Fake “Five Computers” Quote That Fit the Story Too Well&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Did IBM Chairman Thomas Watson really say, “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers”? An internet search turns up dozens of sites, Microsoft, PBS, even computing history museums confidently repeating the line and pinning it on Watson in 1943.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In this video, we walk through the real history behind the quote, from wartime IBM under Thomas J. Watson Sr. to a 1953 stockholders’ meeting with Thomas J. Watson Jr. and the IBM 701. Using IBM’s own FAQ and historical documents, we trace how a realistic sales forecast for five machines morphed into one of tech’s most beloved urban legends.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If there’s no speech, no article, no recording, and IBM itself debunks it… why do we still believe it?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In this episode:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The myth of the “five computers” quote&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;How IBM’s 1953 stockholder remarks got twisted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Why Wikipedia, forums, and even big-name sites keep the legend alive&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What this says about how the internet doesn’t just document history, it rewrites it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Dig deeper. Trust less. In a world with billions of devices, maybe the real growth market isn’t computers, it’s debunking the stories we tell about them.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;👉 {{ youtube&amp;gt;Kbtr88NL9GQ |IBM: The Fake ‘Five Computers’ Quote That Fit the Story Too Well}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Three chapters.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One company.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A whole lot of accidental legend‑building.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Sometimes the myth is more powerful than the truth.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 21:24:32 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>inventors</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/inventors</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2025/10/31 21:04&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**In search of the greatest inventors and technology innovators**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;http://geekhistory.com/content/search-greatest-inventors-and-technology-innovators&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:56:06 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>learn-from-edison</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/learn-from-edison</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/31 18:41&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== There&amp;#039;s a lot to learn from Thomas Edison ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;He was a systems thinker and a project manager. Edison took the image of an inventor as one man tinkering alone in a shop and turned it into an industry. He did not just have a laboratory at Menlo Park, NJ, he created an invention factory.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;They say Edison&amp;#039;s invention factory at Menlo Park was like a giant frat house. I&amp;#039;m sure a bunch of men experimenting in a lab together could be fun at times, but given his drive to succeed, I wouldn&amp;#039;t want to get on his bad side. Like many driven geeks, he lived at his office where he had his cot to take his power naps between shifts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As much as we can learn from Edison on his creation of an invention factory, there&amp;#039;s also a dark side to Edison that showed a compulsive workaholic obsessed with success at all costs. There are several versions of the story surrounding the death of his first wife, Mary Edison. Many books say that Mary died of typhoid, her death certificate states that she died of &amp;quot;congestion of the brain.&amp;quot; One popular story tells that Mary Edison died of a morphine overdose as a result of complications from her third pregnancy. Complications from pregnancy, as well as use of morphine as a pain killer, were not uncommon in the 1880s. Even though Edison&amp;#039;s lab was only a few miles from his home, it is told that it took him three weeks to visit his home when he received word that his wife was ill. Mary Edison died at the age of 29.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The very dark side of Edison and his drive to succeed at all costs was illustrated in the &amp;quot;War of Currents.&amp;quot; Edison was promoting DC (direct current), as the primary method to carry electricity to homes. George Westinghouse was promoting AC (alternating current), as the primary method to carry electricity to homes. An electrical engineer named Harold Brown became the front man for a campaign by Edison to smear and discredit Westinghouse. Stories are told of how Brown paid local children to collect stray dogs off the street that he used for experiments showing the dangers of alternating current. Despite publicly denouncing capital punishment, Edison secretly financed the alternating current electric chair developed by Brown. Edison launched a media campaign telling the world AC was deadly, using the word &amp;quot;Westinghoused&amp;quot; to describe an execution by electrocution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Edison was alive during a time of many great inventions. His battles with Tesla and Westinghouse in the War of Currents was one of many areas where he was very competitive with the other geeks of his day. There are many other stories I could tell, but the stories about his relationship with his first wife, and the many associated stories surrounding the War of Currents illustrate a common theme in Edison&amp;#039;s life, a compulsive workaholic obsessed with success at all costs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The many movies about Steve Jobs of Apple released in recent years show many similarities to Edison, a brilliant man with a mind for innovation, improving existing ideas to develop new products. A man who knew how to take control of the media spotlight when he had the opportunity. A man with a dark side that was driven to success at all costs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Alva Edison prolific inventor and legendary lunatic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://geekhistory.com/content/thomas-alva-edison-prolific-inventor-and-legendary-lunatic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You don&amp;#039;t need to be a genius to know why Thomas Edison was popular&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;https://geekhistory.com/content/you-dont-need-be-genius-know-why-thomas-edison-was-popular&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 18:47:09 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>nikola-tesla-versus-thomas-edison-and-search-truth</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/nikola-tesla-versus-thomas-edison-and-search-truth</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/11 19:22&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Nikola Tesla versus Thomas Edison and the search for the truth ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :tesla_image2.jpg|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The lives of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison, and the people they interacted with during their lifetimes, makes for an interesting story in defining a geek. Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison were two of the most prolific inventors of the twentieth century.&amp;#160; Many history books and&amp;#160; museums tell us Thomas Edison was greatest inventor of all times with a&amp;#160; thousand different patents for a variety of inventions. Nikola Tesla has&amp;#160; become a modern day cult hero on the Internet. In researching Nikola&amp;#160; Tesla you will find many people who are fanatics in their extreme zeal&amp;#160; to promote the legendary stories surrounding the legacy of Tesla,&amp;#160; claiming Edison and others took credit for many inventions that were&amp;#160; created by Tesla.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The goal of Geek History is to be fanatic at&amp;#160; finding the truth. There are so many myths and legends about Tesla, we&amp;#160; could write an entire chapter of debunking all the misinformation. For&amp;#160; the sake of setting the record straight in the battle of Edison versus&amp;#160; Tesla we though we needed to at least address some of the major points&amp;#160; of misinformation and put some things into perspective.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The often&amp;#160; quoted myth states that Tesla died in 1934 a broke and broken old man&amp;#160; because Edison stole Tesla&amp;#039;s ideas. The statement becomes the mantra to&amp;#160; make Tesla the patron saint of geeks and a martyr. The statement&amp;#160; perpetuates many myths about the life of Tesla being one of hardships&amp;#160; and failures.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Exactly what ideas of Tesla did Edison steal?**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;During&amp;#160; the time Tesla worked for Edison they were on different sides of the&amp;#160; argument. Tesla hoped to show Edison his ideas on AC (alternating&amp;#160; current) but Edison refused to look at them because he was pushing for&amp;#160; DC (direct current) as the preferred method of electrical power&amp;#160; distribution. Perhaps the myth that Edison stole Tesla&amp;#039;s ideas is rooted&amp;#160; in Edison&amp;#039;s legacy of creating an invention factory where Edison used&amp;#160; his staff to develop ideas and turn them into patents. Some point to the&amp;#160; concept of the invention factory as the reason for his success, critics&amp;#160; say Edison took his invention factory too far, and Edison took credit&amp;#160; for any individual creativity by his employees.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Tesla died a broke because of Edison?**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The&amp;#160; myth making Tesla a martyr, that he died a broke and broken old man&amp;#160; because of Edison, is a total head scratcher. In the war of currents,&amp;#160; the battle of AC versus DC, Tesla was victorious. In the 1890s. Tesla&amp;#160; defeated Edison teamed up with George Westinghouse, and was paid well&amp;#160; for his efforts. I&amp;#039;ve seen remarks made on the internet such as &amp;quot;Tesla&amp;#160; was cheated by both Edison and Westinghouse and died in poverty.&amp;quot;&amp;#160; It&amp;#039;s&amp;#160; sad to see people make misguided remarks saying that Westinghouse&amp;#160; cheated Tesla. In the article &amp;quot;Industrialist George Westinghouse used&amp;#160; Tesla power to defeat Edison&amp;quot;&amp;#160; we describe in detail the work that Tesla&amp;#160; and Westinghouse did together, and how Tesla was paid for his efforts.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Tesla was a humble and broken old man?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Critics&amp;#160; of Edison have said that Edison&amp;#039;s greatest invention was his own fame.&amp;#160; Fans of Tesla paint a picture of&amp;#160; a humble and broken old man that&amp;#160; didn&amp;#039;t seek fame. Tesla was at just as much a showman and pitchman as&amp;#160; Edison and he understood how to work a crowd. Tesla hung out at New&amp;#160; Yorks finest restaurants mixing it up the New York elite. That&amp;#039;s how he&amp;#160; would meet his famous investors like J.P Morgan and John Jacob Astor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In&amp;#160; 1899, Tesla used money he received from John Jacob Astor IV, one of the&amp;#160; richest people in the world at the time,&amp;#160; to build a new laboratory in&amp;#160; Colorado Springs.&amp;#160; Various accounts say that Astor was not happy with&amp;#160; Tesla, and thought he was deceived. Astor thought he was investing in a&amp;#160; new lighting system, but Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado&amp;#160; Springs experiments.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1900, Tesla convinced John Pierpont&amp;#160; &amp;quot;J.P.&amp;quot; Morgan to invest $150,000 in him so he could build a&amp;#160; trans-Atlantic wireless communication system.&amp;#160; J.P. Morgan had&amp;#160; significant influence in the world of corporate finance the early 1900s.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Tesla lost favor with J.P. Morgan for similar reasons to his falling&amp;#160; out with John Jacob Astor IV. Morgan believed that Tesla did not use the&amp;#160; money for the purpose of his original request.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1918, Tesla&amp;#160; moves to the Hotel St. Regis. After running up a balance of over $3,000,&amp;#160; he was forced to leave. Tesla moved to the luxurious Hotel Marguery on&amp;#160; the west side of Park Avenue. In 1925, Tesla rented another room at the&amp;#160; Hotel Pennsylvania while continuing to rent the room at Hotel Marguery.&amp;#160; Tesla had many pigeons he fed and cared for, in 1930 Tesla was asked to&amp;#160; leave the Hotel Pennsylvania after residents complained about the&amp;#160; droppings from his pets, and he fell behind in his rent. In 1930, moved&amp;#160; to the Hotel Governor Clinton. Once again falling behind in his rent&amp;#160; Tesla was forced to move.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Various accounts claim different reasons&amp;#160; for the Westinghouse Corporation coming to Tesla&amp;#039;s rescue, but Tesla&amp;#160; would move to the Hotel New Yorker in 1934, with the rent paid for by&amp;#160; Westinghouse.&amp;#160; One story is that Tesla was hit by a taxi on the streets&amp;#160; of New York and injured, Westinghouse executives agreed to pay his room&amp;#160; and board for the remainder of his life.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;For much of his life&amp;#160; spent living in New York, Tesla moved from one upscale hotel to another.&amp;#160; If you look at what Tesla received for his work with Westinghouse,&amp;#160; along with the investment money&amp;#160; from Astor and Morgan, he received the&amp;#160; modern day equivalent of several million dollars.&amp;#160; While the story of&amp;#160; his life may tell us he died broke, it does not paint the picture of&amp;#160; someone who lived in poverty and never got a fair break.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Why is Thomas Edison more famous than Nikola Tesla?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There&amp;#160; are various reasons why Thomas Edison became more famous than Nikola&amp;#160; Tesla. Edison developed close lifelong friendships with some of the most&amp;#160; powerful and influential people around in his day such as Henry Ford.&amp;#160; We also cover that relationship in various articles as well here on Geek&amp;#160; History. Without going off on a Henry Ford tangent, it&amp;#039;s safe to say&amp;#160; that Ford, like Edison, was a media superstar in his day.&amp;#160; At times&amp;#160; Tesla had the respect of the most powerful and influential people around&amp;#160; in his day, such as&amp;#160; J.P. Morgan and John Jacob Astor IV, but would&amp;#160; lose favor with them over time.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;Even if Edison wasn&amp;#039;t as smart&amp;#160; as smart as Tesla he wasn&amp;#039;t a fool. In the introduction to geek history&amp;#160; we discuss what is an invention, and who gets credit for inventing&amp;#160; things. In the case of many inventions, it goes beyond just having an&amp;#160; idea. Sometimes it even goes beyond building a prototype and proving the&amp;#160; concept. Edison did not invent the electric light bulb, but he was able&amp;#160; to develop a light bulb that was practical.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;A lot of the legacy of&amp;#160; both Thomas Edison and Henry Ford has to do with the image they created&amp;#160; for themselves. Edison and Ford build companies, they forged&amp;#160; partnerships.&amp;#160; Some people see capitalism as inherently evil. If that is&amp;#160; true, it is a necessary evil.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the PBS documentary &amp;quot;Tesla&amp;#160; Master of Lightning&amp;quot; Tesla&amp;#039;s grand-nephew William Terbo explains the&amp;#160; downfall of Nikola Tesla. &amp;quot;He was totally disinterested in business. He&amp;#160; did not make the relationship between the importance of business and the&amp;#160; importance of his invention and discovery.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many of the things&amp;#160; that Tesla allegedly invented were not developed in a university&amp;#160; laboratory where the processes were witnessed by experts or scholars,&amp;#160; they were not in the course of business, as was the case with Edison and&amp;#160; Ford.&amp;#160; Tesla preferred to work out theories with experiments before&amp;#160; implementing it with physical designs. Tesla created small private&amp;#160; laboratories with a small staff where he was in total control.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A&amp;#160; New York Times quote from Tesla&amp;#160; on the death of Edison underscore the&amp;#160; differences between the two inventors: &amp;quot;If he had a needle to find in a&amp;#160; haystack he would not stop to reason where it was most likely to be, but&amp;#160; would proceed at once, with the feverish diligence of a bee, to examine&amp;#160; straw after straw until he found the object of his search. I was almost&amp;#160; a sorry witness of such doings, knowing that a little theory and&amp;#160; calculation would have saved him ninety per cent of his labor. &amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla was one of a small group of engineers working on AC in America in&amp;#160; the mid 1880s, but he was not the only one. Many of the &amp;quot;inventions&amp;quot; of&amp;#160; Nikola Tesla were not the sole idea of Tesla but were one of many&amp;#160; scientists and inventors.&amp;#160; When Tesla teamed up with Westinghouse, the&amp;#160; concept of AC power generation was already being developed by the&amp;#160; Westinghouse company, Tesla helped to improve upon the process and the&amp;#160; product. His partnership with Westinghouse was his greatest success. It&amp;#160; was also one of the few times where Tesla was on a team, rather than&amp;#160; working alone.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In our next article we will take a look at&amp;#160; Tesla&amp;#039;s relationship with inventor and entrepreneur George Westinghouse.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;When the phrase &amp;quot;War of Currents&amp;quot; is mentioned most people are quick&amp;#160; to say that was the great battle between Edison and Tesla. What often&amp;#160; gets lost in the conversation is that Tesla and George Westinghouse&amp;#160; worked together to win over Edison.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The legacy and legend of Nikola Tesla**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We&amp;#160; have tried to contrast and compare Tesla and Edison, and look at some&amp;#160; of the common misinformation of the internet.&amp;#160; There is so many claims&amp;#160; to who invented what, we have not even touched on Tesla&amp;#039;s claims to&amp;#160; inventing radio, x-rays, and death rays.&amp;#160; We could show a long list of&amp;#160; inventions by Tesla, as well as Edison, and illustrate the discoveries&amp;#160; that came before them. But that does not change the fact that Edison and&amp;#160; Tesla were both visionaries and geeks. Both men had their own way of&amp;#160; looking at things and coming up with ways to improve upon them.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We&amp;#160; are not trying to take anything away from the accomplishments of Nikola&amp;#160; Tesla. The constant bickering on who was the better inventor, followed&amp;#160; by endless rants of misinformation, serves no purpose. Some of the&amp;#160; conspiracy theories about why Tesla failed get pretty wild. There are&amp;#160; those that point to the government who shut Tesla down because of his&amp;#160; death ray that would end all wars.&amp;#160; The real conspiracy is why Tesla is&amp;#160; so popular on the internet and who is starting all the Tesla myths and&amp;#160; legends?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Einstein never said Tesla was a genius. But the internet sure wishes he did.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;g2BDQwvf2Jw |Tesla Myths video}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 19:24:01 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>patent-wars-and-other-epic-battles-where-business-and-technology-mix</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/patent-wars-and-other-epic-battles-where-business-and-technology-mix</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/11 17:31&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Epic battles where business and technology mix ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :edisonelectric640.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the epic battles where business and technology mix, one of the most famous fights of the Industrial Age has been dubbed &amp;quot;The War of Currents.&amp;quot; The war was between the famous inventor Thomas Edison who backed DC (direct current) as the preferred method to delivery electricity to your home, and George Westinghouse who backed AC (alternating current).&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are two other epic battles of business and technology that stand out as similar to the War of Currents, the war over television in the 1930s, and the browser wars of the 1990s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The War of Currents**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1890s the War of Currents was a business and technology battle that started between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse. Many history books and website tout the battle as Edison versus Tesla. The cult of Tesla has glorified Nikola Tesla to be the ultimate inventor of AC power distribution.&amp;#160; Tesla was a genius, and a major contributor to AC Power distribution, but Tesla was a part of a team put together by George Westinghouse.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla and Westinghouse made a good team.&amp;#160; In areas where Tesla failed, Westinghouse excelled. Nikola Tesla was a visionary with many ideas, he could see the problems and solve them in his head. Westinghouse was a systems thinker. Westinghouse purchased various patents from European inventors Gaulard and Gibbs, and then purchased patents from Tesla, to build a system to that would distribute AC power to American homes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Maybe Tesla understood his weakness, as he stated, &amp;quot;George Westinghouse was, in my opinion, the only man on this globe who could take my alternating-current system under the circumstances then existing and win the battle against prejudice and money power. He was one of the world&amp;#039;s true noblemen, of whom America may well be proud and to whom humanity owes an immense debt of gratitude.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When Tesla was a forgotten man living in New York hotels in the final years of his life, it was Westinghouse that was picking up the tab for his room and board.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;To put the &amp;quot;War of Currents&amp;quot; into perspective, it was a major victory for Team Westinghouse, and a major defeat for Thomas Edison, who lost control of Edison Electric over his stubbornness. Control of Edison Electric was wrestled away from Edison by J.P. Morgan who merged it with Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.&amp;#160; George Westinghouse prevailed not only on the technology side, but also on the business side as he fought various patent battles in the years that followed.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;George Westinghouse started as an inventor of railroad products like the air brake. Westinghouse understood that beyond having an idea, to profit from an invention one must undertake manufacturing and marketing as well.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The war over television**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When I was young, always curious about science and inventors, I remember looking up who invented television. We had encyclopedias back then, and I remember reading that Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of television.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I don&amp;#039;t remember exactly what encyclopedia gave me that information, but for many years I took it as a fact that Zworykin invented television. Thanks to the commercialization of the internet in the 1990s I found a whole new world of information and discovered that the invention of television was not a simple question to answer.&amp;#160; I also learned of a battle by the followers of Philo T Farnsworth to promote his cause as the inventor of television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Philo T. Farnsworth was a Mormon who lived in Utah, not exactly the place for the hot bed of technology. While in high he filled several blackboards with sketches and diagrams showing his high school science teacher his ideas for an electronic television system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Russian scientist and inventor Boris Rosing started experimentation on various aspects of electronic television in the late 1890s. As a young engineering student, Vladimir Zworykin worked for Rosing and assisted him in some of his laboratory work. Zworykin moved to the United States following the Russian Revolution in 1919. When he arrived in America, Zworykin worked at Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Pittsburgh.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1920s David Sarnoff of RCA had the vision of developing television. In 1929 Sarnoff of RCA, a Russian American like Vladimir Zworykin, recruited him to develop television for RCA. Zworykin received an invitation from David Sarnoff to come to New York and discuss working for him at RCA to develop television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;David Sarnoff offered to buy Farnsworth&amp;#039;s patents in 1931, with the condition that Farnsworth become an employee of RCA. Farnsworth refused Sarnoff&amp;#039;s offer and spend much of the next several years fighting David Sarnoff and RCA in the court room over television patents. Farnsworth eventually prevailed as RCA finally conceded to a multi-year licensing agreement with Farnsworth.&amp;#160; But Sarnoff and RCA would grab the spotlight as RCA introduced electronic television to the world at New York World&amp;#039;s Fair 1939.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Even though Farnsworth won the battle, defeating RCA in court to uphold his patent claims, he lost the war as the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation never took off. Farnsworth sold his company to International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) in 1951.Most people have heard of RCA (Radio Corporation of America), they went on to be a large and profitable company. Who knows of Farnsworth? Farnsworth&amp;#039;s family continues to promote his name, and his claim to the invention of television.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Just an interesting side note, RCA was originally part of GE (General Electric), the company created during the War of Currents. In the 1930s the U.S. Department of Justice forced GE to give up their ownership interests in RCA. Decades later, in 1986 GE would once again acquire RCA. Interesting bits of tech history wrapped up in RCA.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There have been comparisons made to David Sarnoff of RCA as a driving force to establish the dominance of his company in the development of television to Bill Gates of Microsoft and his obsession to have Internet Explorer win the browser wars.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The browser wars**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;What often gets lost in the discussion of the internet is the final piece of the puzzle, the web browser, the client software that connects the desktop computer in front of you to a server somewhere else in the world.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Mosaic was the web browser that led to the Internet boom of the 1990s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;American entrepreneur and computer scientist James Henry Clark and recruited Marc Andreessen, one of the creators of the Mosaic Web browser at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), to create Netscape Communications Corporation, and produce a web browser called Netscape Navigator, based on the Mosaic web browser. The world is ready to take on the graphical world wide web, and Netscape Navigator becomes the popular browser to &amp;quot;surf the web.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A lot was happening in the world of personal computing around 1995.&amp;#160; The graphical user interface of Windows 95 coming along at the same time the world was discovering the internet was the perfect storm for Microsoft.&amp;#160; Microsoft was releasing their new desktop computer operating system called Windows 95 which included a web browser called Internet Explorer.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The war was fought over Microsoft bundling the web browser as a part of the desktop computer operating system, a claim that would be challenged in the courts. The court room fights lingered on, with very little negative effects on Microsoft.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1997, Microsoft declares war on Netscape with the release of Internet Explorer 4. The war was officially on when a a group of Microsoft employees placed a large metal likeness of the Internet Explorer logo on the front lawn at Netscape Communications in Mountain View, California. In the five years that followed Netscape&amp;#039;s browser market share went from more than 70% to less than 5%.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The life and death of Netscape Navigator is a brief history that spanned only about ten years. In the ten-year period from 1993 to 2003, Netscape Navigator went from the leading web browser of the internet to an afterthought left in the dust.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**What about Apple versus Microsoft**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people might mention the battle of Apple versus Microsoft as an epic battle. The outgoing Steve Jobs often made the more nerdy Bill Gates look silly, but over the years Bill Gates and Steve Jobs had a working respectful working relationship.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In fact, many present-day Apple fanboys may not realize that back in 1997 Apple was on the verge of bankruptcy and Steve Jobs got Bill Gates to save the company with a $150 million investment.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; battle**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;Q__UOpWw03k |Who Really Invented It? }}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The battles where business and technology mix are often the story of patent fights and court room battles. Online forums debate who did it first and point to patents.&amp;#160; Often the right to claim credit for an invention is often based on the the first person to patent the item and being part of the company that was the first to bring that item to the marketplace.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Invention is a word that is very fuzzy in common usage. Often what people say is an invention is simply a vision, an idea. It is interesting how many ideas are issued a patent without a working prototype being created. That gets into a big issue of intellectual property definitions, which gets way too deep for this conversation.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Closing with a bit of trivia. The first &amp;quot;invention&amp;quot; registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, July 31, 1790, was a formula for fertilizer.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) opened in 1790, there were 3 patents that year; one was a formula for fertilizer, the second a process in the manufacturing of candles, and the third was an automated flour mill.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We will have more on the individual stories of these visionary inventors and their stories in upcoming chapters.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 17:31:53 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>readme</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/readme</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2025/10/30 23:08&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== README 1ST From the desk of chief geek and guru ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Personal Reflections**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the early days of personal computers, you would purchase your software on a 5 1/4-inch floppy disk as shown in this photo. Typically, on the root directory of the floppy you would find a text file named README.TXT or README.1ST that would give you the setup instructions of the program on the floppy disk.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**From my desk of references and resources**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :geekdesk1.jpg?|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The instructions for use of the GeekHistory website are to open your mind and explore.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I&amp;#039;ve read quite a bit on the history of technology that gets very deep in the geek speak. In the spirit of the Guru 42 network of websites, GeekHistory has the mission of challenging oversimplified narratives and spotlighting the real, nuanced journey of human innovation.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;It&amp;#039;s amusing how many of things I learned as a youth have a different are seen from a different perspective now.&amp;#160; I grew up learning that Thomas Edison was one of the most prolific scientists of all time.&amp;#160; But now I realize Edison was one of many people that brought the light bulb and electric power into our homes. I&amp;#039;ve come to appreciate the most forgotten geek George Westinghouse who masterminded the team of engineers that brought AC power to our homes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I learned many years ago that Vladamir Zworkyin was the inventor of television.&amp;#160; While I still admire Zworkyin as a scientist, I have since learned Zworkyin was merely a tool used by the powerful David Sarnoff of RCA to wrestle away the credit of the invention of television from other inventors.&amp;#160; No single person should be credited as the inventor of television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the case of people like Thomas Edison and David Sarnoff the credit for an invention is often based on the first person to patent the item and being part of the company that was the first to bring that item to the marketplace.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Stay tuned for the stories of these forgotten geeks as we tell their stories.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**From my desk of references and resources **&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The photo at the top of the page shows a box of floppy disks and an internet reference book from my desk.&amp;#160; The floppy disks are from the 1980s. The internet reference book is dated 1994 and contains over 1100 pages on the new-fangled technology of the internet.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The collection of material for the study of geek history dates back to my early days in technology as far back as the 1970s. I started working in telecommunications in the 1970s and moved on to office automation in the 1980s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Computers in the early 1990s were not all that graphical, and access to online services, and eventually the internet, was done on a time limited basis.&amp;#160; Your dial up access to your online service included a few hours of access.&amp;#160; You did not leave your computer continuously logged on and plugged into the internet as many of us do today. You had a plan for what you wanted to get while online and downloaded the files to be read later.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I started teaching how to use the internet, and web building in the late 1990s. I still have a lot of notes from back then, with web site URLs as references for my material.&amp;#160; Some of my resources are notes from websites that no longer exist. Very few of the sites still exist in the form they did back then&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When I was teaching internet technologies and how to use a search engine in the late 1990s, I found a lot of good reference material on the Altavista website.&amp;#160; Thankfully I printed a lot of that content and have paper copies still in binder.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;** Don&amp;#039;t Trust an Expert**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I use the terms geeks and gurus not in a derogatory sense, but as words to describe people who are passionate, and perhaps at time even obsessive, about their work.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I use the term guru to mean teacher. My mantra has always been not to tell someone how to do something, but to educate, to provide information, so people can make informed decisions.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Will Rogers described an expert as &amp;quot;a man fifty miles from home with a briefcase.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although the term &amp;quot;guru&amp;quot; is often used in the same context as &amp;quot;expert&amp;quot; in my humble opinion they should be very different.&amp;#160; I avoid self-proclaimed experts who profess to know all the answers. They feel their knowledge is absolute. That&amp;#039;s why they fail at times.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Telling a story from a different point of view can be interesting.&amp;#160; Like many journeys in life a story can be told from various points of view. One version is not necessarily more or less accurate than another, just that sometimes the perspective of the storyteller may bring a few new insights on a topic.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are very few absolutes in life. Experience is gained from personal perspectives. and it needs to be referenced and put into the proper context when used in other situations. You can’t Google the lessons I’ve learned. My experience didn’t come from webinars, LinkedIn courses, or influencers explaining it to me.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;You must continue to gain expertise, but avoid thinking like an expert.&amp;quot; ... Denis Waitley&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Who Do You Trust?**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The best technology trainers I have had over the years were field engineers who were also good teachers. Working in many areas of the technology industry for over 40 years, as well as teaching for various community colleges in numerous settings, I have many years of material in my head as far as technology tips for small businesspeople, as well as questions commonly asked by students on technology topics.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Researching various online writing opportunities over the years I find it amusing that companies looking for freelance writers for technology topics are often more interested in my education and writing experience than they are in my experience in technology. Writing is a lot like teaching, you can be a professional writer, or teacher, without being a professional in the field you are writing or teaching. I prefer to read something written by someone who is sharing first-hand personal experience, not someone who is just writing for the sake of writing.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I believe in karma, and the concept of pay it forward. I have learned many life lessons and have many experiences to share. If there is a quick tip or trick on a given topic I can share, I try my best to communicate it.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Talk is Cheap, Wisdom is Priceless&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The Cynic manifesto: digging into the lies the internet spreads and the ancient wisdom of Diogenes**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;_Qb1QSS5cRA |The Cynic manifesto}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[visionary| Greatest Geek Visionaries]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2026 07:01:37 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>search-greatest-inventors-and-technology-innovators</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/search-greatest-inventors-and-technology-innovators</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/06/09 23:44&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 58:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 58:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;That is exactly what innovation is all about, pick the right set of existing ideas and combine them in a new way that works better than before.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;That is exactly what innovation is all about, pick the right set of existing ideas and combine them in a new way that works better than before.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-deletedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;Video link&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;gt; {{ youtube&amp;gt;Q__UOpWw03k | Visionaries, Inventors, Innovators, and Industrialists.&amp;#160; }}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;**Who Really Invented It? Visionaries, Inventors, Innovators, and Industrialists.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;** &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;diff-mark&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;Q__UOpWw03k | Visionaries, Inventors, Innovators, and Industrialists.&amp;#160; }}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**My perspective of the story teller**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;**My perspective of the story teller**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 23:45:53 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>sidebar</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/sidebar</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/08 06:09&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[ReadMe| Read Me First]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[top-ten-list| Top Ten List]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[Sidebar| Sidebar]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2026 07:04:08 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>start</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/start</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/11 20:30&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== What You Learned Is Wrong - History Is Bunk ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;{{:geekhistory_arpanet.jpg?400 |}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;History is often a matter of perspective, as it is seen through different eyes the answer to the question changes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the biggest misconceptions of any type of history is when a single person is credited for a discovery. We often fail to realize that the discovery was not the work of a single person done in a void of any outside influence. Technology is an ongoing evolution of experiments and improvements. Very seldom is a new product or process in the world of technology the result of one &amp;quot;eureka&amp;quot; moment of a single inventor in a laboratory.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many times the person given credit for an invention is one of a number of persons who can easily be credited for the invention.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**GeekHistory puts &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; into perspective.**&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Before you can answer the question as to who invented something, you need to define invention. People want to assign credit and glory to &amp;quot;who invented it&amp;quot; looking for those special individuals have those &amp;quot;eureka&amp;quot; moments.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are visionaries who have an idea and see what is possible, often before the technology exists to make it real. There are inventors who take visions and made them real by proving the concepts in laboratory or creating the prototype. There are innovators who take a good invention and make it great. There are the industrialists who take an invention and develop it into an industry.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Does the first person to theorize the concept on paper get credit for the invention? Is it the first person to build a working prototype really the person who invented it? Is it the person who got credit for the concept at the US Patent office really the owner of the invention? Is it the person who first commercially marketed the product really the one who gets credit for the invention?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The following quote by Mark Twain that really nails it when it comes to inventions and inventors. “It takes a thousand men to invent a telegraph, or a steam engine, or a phonograph, or a photograph, or a telephone or any other important thing—and the last man gets the credit and we forget the others. He added his little mite — that is all he did. These object lessons should teach us that ninety-nine parts of all things that proceed from the intellect are plagiarisms, pure and simple; and the lesson ought to make us modest. But nothing can do that.”&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Defining an invention is a rhetorical question. Let me conclude with my own rhetorical question. Why do we fight over who gets credit for an invention, rather than honor and respect all those who have contributed in turning visions into reality?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Who invented the internet?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are so many urban legends and so much folk lore surrounding the internet. I have read so many articles where the history of the internet is so mangled. The internet was an evolution of many different communications and technology tools coming together to create the communications system we now call the internet. There are many key players in this evolution, to give any single one credit for inventing the internet does not do justice to the many contributions that were so significant.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Who invented the television?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Next to the internet, arguably the next most significant invention, as far as impact on the life of the average American, is the television. But how many Americans can actually tell you who invented it? There are many arguments here as well, as to who should get credit for inventing the technology used in the first commercial televisions.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The goal of GeekHistory**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;My goal for my GeekHistory website is to increase awareness, educate, and entertain. We expose myths and misinformation behind urban legends and explore the science and technology history when visions became reality.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;My lifelong love of history and technology comes together at GeekHistory. I began working with radios and telecommunications in the Army National Guard in the 1970s and my first certification was an FCC general class radiotelephone license. A life long evolution from field service technician for various office automation companies through my current career in systems administration and telecommunications has inspired me as a writer and web developer of technology topics.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;My first published article on &amp;quot;PC telecommunications&amp;quot; was in 1988, explaining how to use your computer plugged into the phonelines to share information.&amp;#160; I started teaching people about how to use the internet when it first went public in the mid 1990s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The idea for the website GeekHistory started out with teaching Internet and browser basics courses in 1996. Even though the internet went commercial in the mid 1990s, I would start each course with a brief history lesson showing the evolution of the internet that started in the 1960s. I registered the domain GeekHistory.com back in 2001. It was just a shell of a website for many years, just an idea bouncing around in my brain.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I am not a university professor with a team of editors and advisers working with me developing a website. I am one man who loves technology and history and is amazed by how little people know about the great minds in the world of technology. Geek History is not meant to be an authoritative source for technology history. In depth discussions of the technology is kept to a minimum. We are just trying to get you to think about the many amazing people that have contributed to the work of technology.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Setting the stage for the journey ahead.**&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of my inspirations for my Guru42 Universe of websites is the Oliver Wendall Holmes quote, &amp;quot;Man&amp;#039;s mind once stretched never goes back to its original dimension.&amp;quot; The more I learn about geek history, the more questions I have, and the more I want to know.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Consider this simply an introduction, for the journey ahead. My perspective of the storyteller may bring a few new insights on the many forgotten geeks, as we explore the origins of all things geek. We&amp;#039;ll take a look at the inventors as much as we do the inventions.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[ReadMe| Read Me First]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[Top Ten List| Top Ten List]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Up next: [[urban-legend-i-think-there-world-market-maybe-five-computers| Urban legend i think there world market maybe five computers]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 20:31:24 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>tesla-tower-wardenclyffe-and-free-energy-myth</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/tesla-tower-wardenclyffe-and-free-energy-myth</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/08 06:49&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Tesla tower at Wardenclyffe and the free energy myth ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :wardenclyffe_tower460.jpg?400|}}As we dig deeper in researching topics here at GeekHistory the one topic that people keep asking questions about is Nikola Tesla&amp;#039;s tower at Wardenclyffe and his free energy theories. We have addressed many of the commonly asked questions in this article.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Wardenclyffe New York 1901**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Nikola Tesla sold his Wardenclyffe tower idea to J.P. Morgan based on a plan to send wireless messages to Europe and compete with Marconi. The contract was agreed upon in February of 1901 and signed in March for Morgan to give Tesla $150,000 to build a tower to transmit radio. Tesla began to build his Wardenclyffe laboratory on Long Island, New York in 1901.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Soon after construction began it became apparent that Tesla was going to run out of money before it was finished. Tesla underestimated the cost of building the tower, and economic conditions were causing prices to rise for the materials Tesla needed.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s personal goal was to use the tower for the transmission of power as well as information. Morgan was expecting to make money on radio. The wireless power angle was Tesla’s idea, it was never part of Morgan’s plans. It was never finished because Tesla ran out of money.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Various sources place the abandonment of the project at around 1904. Tesla took out a mortgage on Wardenclyffe with George C. Boldt of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel to cover his living expenses. Boldt eventually foreclosed on the Wardenclyffe property and the tower was torn down and sold for scrap in 1917. Adding to the Tesla mythology and conspiracy theories was the timing of the demolition of the tower, during WWI. Various stories were told that the tower was demolished on orders of the United States Government because German spies were using it as a radio transmitter or observation post.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Did J.P. Morgan withdraw backing?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are many conspiracy theories that blame J.P. Morgan for Tesla&amp;#039;s failure at Wardenclyffe, stating that J.P. Morgan withdrew support because he saw no way to make money on wireless power.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s dream tower cost him a lot more than he had planned. Tesla signed a contract with J.P. Morgan in 1901 to receive a total of $150,000. Equivalent to millions in modern dollars, that was a pretty generous offer. That was actually $50,000 more than his initial request.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;J. P. Morgan was a ruthless banker, part of the business culture of the late 1800s known as Robber Barons. The Robber Barons were the venture capitalists of their day, the 19th century version of Shark Tank. Tesla sold his tower idea to Morgan with a plan to send wireless messages to Europe and compete with Marconi. Tesla failed to mention the lab included his ideas of wireless power transmission.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla came back to Morgan to ask him for more money at a time J.P. Morgan was having his own financial issues with a panic on Wall Street. When you go back to the bank to ask for more money, after they have already given you a substantial amount, and now you need more money, what do you think your odds of success are?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla pleaded to Morgan for more funds, Morgan said no. It&amp;#039;s not that Morgan withdrew his backing, it was he refused to provide additional funding. Morgan had already fulfilled his part of the initial contract. When Tesla came back to Morgan asking for additional funds, what incentive did Morgan have to give Tesla more money?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Why wasn&amp;#039;t Nikola Tesla able to raise more funds from investors?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When Tesla walked away from his partnership with Westinghouse he was a rich man. Contrary to many stories that Tesla walked away from his royalty contract with Westinghouse, he did receive a lump sum settlement when he severed ties with Westinghouse in the neighborhood of $200,000. Keep in mind we are talking 1890s dollars, which would be the equivalent of millions of dollars today.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;With the War of Currents and his work for Westinghouse behind him, Tesla moved on to begin a new series of experiments. With a $30,000 investment from John Jacob Astor IV, thought to be among the richest people in the world at that time, Tesla begin building a new experimental station near Pikes Peak, Colorado.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The wealthy John Jacob Astor IV gave Tesla the money he used to build the Colorado Springs lab under the assumption that Tesla was going to develop and produce a new lighting system. Tesla instead used the money to fund his lab to experiment with high voltage, high frequency electricity, and the wireless transmission of power. Tesla misrepresented his intentions.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s biggest obstacle was often himself. Just like he was with John Jacob Astor IV, Tesla was less than honest with J.P. Morgan, as his plan was to concentrate on a system of wireless transmission of power, not a system of radio transmission that he sold to Morgan. Once you burn your bridges with two of the richest men in the world, it&amp;#039;s hard to get funding for future projects.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Looking for the lost files of &amp;quot;Tesla`s Latest Wonder&amp;quot;**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some conspiracy theories say that the secrets to the success of Tesla&amp;#039;s wireless power ideas are lost. The original ideas of Tesla are not exactly lost. Tesla&amp;#039;s ideas were published and patented in the late 1890s. At the end of this article you will find the links to Tesla&amp;#039;s patents and the San Francisco call newspaper article from 1898.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The article published in 1898 titled &amp;quot;Tesla`s Latest Wonder&amp;quot; describes, &amp;quot;What Tesla proposes to do now is to transmit almost any amount of power almost any distance without wires, and without loss.&amp;quot; Tesla&amp;#039;s filed two patents on wireless electricity. Patent US 645576: System of transmission of electrical energy, was filed by Nikola Tesla in 1897, and Patent US 649621: Apparatus for transmission of electrical energy, was filed by Nikola Tesla in 1900. In addition to his patents, Tesla&amp;#039;s notes from his experiments in Colorado from around 1899 have also been found, and nothing has been made from them either.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are numerous unanswered questions regarding Tesla&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;free power&amp;quot; ideas. The fact that there are so many questions that need to be answered about the details of Tesla&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;free power&amp;quot; shows that Tesla&amp;#039;s theories were far from a finished product. Even though wireless electricity is being developed on a small scale, it is still very far from a working system at the level that Tesla proposed.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Tesla&amp;#039;s wireless transmission ideas that were attached to the Wardencliffe project were never anything more than just a dream. We could second guess all the &amp;quot;what if&amp;quot; scenarios of how Tesla could have done it better, done it differently, but the bottom-line is, it never became a working system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are a lot of great scientists in the world of physics that have access to all these great ideas of Tesla&amp;#039;s, you would think that if it were practical they would have been able to create Tesla&amp;#039;s dream machine.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**The free energy myth**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The phrases &amp;quot;free energy&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;make power free&amp;quot; as they are used in Tesla mythology assume that everything about the process is free. Even if Tesla&amp;#039;s idea was a reality, he could somehow extract electricity from the earth to be reused, it would be free in the sense that we did not have to burn coal, or burn oil, to fire up a generator to produce the electricity. In that sense there are many forms of &amp;quot;free energy&amp;quot; such as wind power, solar power, and water power. Study the field of alternative energy and you will find many ways to generate &amp;quot;free energy&amp;quot; by avoiding the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;But even with &amp;quot;free energy&amp;quot; there is the cost of a system to distribute the electricity. Even if Tesla&amp;#039;s idea was a reality, the way to initially create the energy was &amp;quot;free,&amp;quot; there would the cost of building transmitters and receivers to make it usable in your home.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Go to your local convenience store, and ask them for a free bottle of natural spring water. What, it&amp;#039;s not free? That water came from the ground, and it has no cost associated with producing it! That&amp;#039;s right, but there is a cost associated with getting that free substance from the ground to you in a usable form. That&amp;#039;s the cost of distribution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You are free to eat your lunch anywhere you chose, but the lunch isn&amp;#039;t free, that you will have to pay for.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Was Nikola Tesla crazy for thinking free energy was possible?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;An often used expression is that there a fine line between genius and insanity. Over the course of history there have been many highly intelligent people who have done some very crazy things.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison are often portrayed as bitter rivals because they were on different sides of the War of Currents. But when they crossed paths later in life there are indications that there was some degree of mutual respect between them. Perhaps this bit of mutual respect was because they were both very ate about their beliefs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Even when it was becoming obvious that DC (direct current) would lose out to AC (alternating current) as the primary form of delivering electricity to our homes, Edison refused to back off of his belief in his ideas. Edison lost control of Edison Electric because of his stubbornness, and he did some very crazy things during the War of Currents. But Edison was also successful with many inventions, in spite of his stubbornness and compulsive behavior.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;After defeating Edison in the War of Currents, Tesla became so obsessed with proving many of his &amp;quot;free power&amp;quot; theories that he lost credibility in the eyes of his contemporaries. Did Tesla&amp;#039;s obsessions cross over the line between genius and insanity? Some would say yes. The phrase that would better describe Tesla&amp;#039;s obsession with free power is that he was blinded by his ambition.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;//He who blinded by ambition, raises himself to a position whence he cannot mount higher, must fall with the greatest loss. – Niccolò Machiavelli//&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Einstein never said Tesla was a genius. But the internet sure wishes he did.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;g2BDQwvf2Jw |Tesla Myths video}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 19:14:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>top-ten-list</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/top-ten-list</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/31 18:27&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Top Ten List ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;[[urban-legend-i-think-there-world-market-maybe-five-computers| Urban Legend World Market Maybe Five Computers]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;[[tesla-tower-wardenclyffe-and-free-energy-myth| Tesla Tower Wardenclyffe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 18:37:40 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>urban-legend-i-think-there-world-market-maybe-five-computers</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/urban-legend-i-think-there-world-market-maybe-five-computers</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/04/20 21:13&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Urban legend: I think there is a world market for maybe five computers ======&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :ibm_electronic_data_processing_machine.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;An internet search of the phrase &amp;quot;I think there is a world market for maybe five computers&amp;quot;&amp;#160; will produce dozens of websites claiming those were the words of IBM Chairman Thomas Watson.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a kid growing up before the age of the internet, I relied on encyclopedias and almanacs to learn about inventors and inventions. As an adult teaching people how to use the internet I hung on many internet forums looking to learn more and dig deeper. At times what I found shocked me.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The internet does as much to create history, as it does to document history.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The quote is often listed as one of the biggest epic fail statements of all times. We searched the net trying to find the source of the quote, and the verification that the statement was made by IBM Chairman Thomas Watson.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Many websites often have the date 1943 attached to the quote, as was the case of a slide we found on the Microsoft website, and as it is presented on a page for the PBS television show Nova. Even a UK website for The Centre for Computing History has the quote listed as: &amp;quot;I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.&amp;quot; - Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;For all the dozens of websites that list the quote attributed to IBM Chairman Thomas Watson, none of the websites have any information on the primary source or circumstances of the quote.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I&amp;#039;ve seen various websites come up with explanations of the quote. When I checked Wikipedia, they had their own spin on the origin of the quote. When I first posted this page here on GeekHistory I used a source from IBM to debunk the myth. If you are looking for the origin of something allegedly said by an IBM chairman, why not start at IBM.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Searching IBM websites and online IBM documents turned up an IBM FAQ history document that directly addresses the mythology of the quote. The IBM document poses the question, &amp;quot;Did Thomas Watson say in the 1950s that he foresaw a market potential for only five&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;electronic computers?&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;IBM offers the following explanation:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;//&amp;quot;We believe the statement that you attribute to Thomas Watson is a misunderstanding of remarks made at IBM’s annual stockholders meeting on April 28, 1953. In referring specifically and only to the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine -- which had been introduced the year before as the company’s first production computer designed for scientific calculations -- Thomas Watson, Jr., told stockholders that “IBM had developed a paper plan for such a machine and took this paper plan across the country to some 20 concerns that we thought could use such a machine. I would like to tell you that the machine rents for between $12,000 and $18,000 a month, so it was not the type of thing that could be sold from place to place. But, as a result of our trip, on which we expected to get orders for five machines, we came home with orders for 18.”//&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Could the phrase, &amp;quot;we expected to get orders for five machines&amp;quot; from the 1953 stockholders meeting morph into the now infamous phrase, &amp;quot;I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**IBM quote debunked**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There is so much on the internet based on myths and legends. Some people question how much of the internet is a place that documents history, and how much of the internet is a place that writes and recreates history.&amp;#160; When &amp;quot;famous quotes&amp;quot; such as &amp;quot;I think there is a world market for maybe five computers&amp;quot;&amp;#160; get repeated over and over, it becomes accepted as fact, even if no one can cite the original source.&amp;#160; After all, if you can find the quote attributed to IBM Chairman Thomas Watson on the Microsoft and PBS website, it must be true!&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Thomas Watson was one of the richest men of his time, a leading self-made businessmen and often called one of the world&amp;#039;s greatest salesmen. If there was a time and place where Watson made the statement, &amp;quot;I think there is a world market for maybe five computers,&amp;quot; it would be logical to assume there would be some record of it.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Considering the lack of primary sources for the quote, no speeches, articles, or recordings from 1943, there&amp;#039;s no reason not to believe IBM&amp;#039;s official FAQ debunking it as a misunderstanding.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Perhaps those who still believe IBM Chairman Thomas Watson made the statement in 1943 will point to some vast conspiracy or cover up.&amp;#160; Without a credible source of when the alleged quote was made we can only conclude it is an urban legend, not a factual statement.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**A bit of IBM history**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;To clarify the roles of Thomas J. Watson Sr. and Thomas J. Watson Jr. in the context of the famous &amp;quot;maybe five computers&amp;quot; quote and the surrounding IBM history, here&amp;#039;s a clear breakdown. The myth often gets pinned on the wrong person, usually Thomas J. Watson Sr. in 1943, while the real context ties to Thomas J. Watson Jr. around 1953.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1943, Thomas J. Watson Sr. was firmly in charge as CEO. IBM was deeply involved in wartime production for the U.S. military and allies, focusing on electromechanical tabulators, scales, and time clocks, not electronic computers. There is no evidence exists of Watson Sr. making any statement about the market for computers in 1943, or any year.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1953, at IBM&amp;#039;s annual stockholders&amp;#039; meeting on April 28, 1953, Watson Jr., as president, discussed the IBM 701, their first commercial scientific computer, announced publicly in 1952. Watson Jr. described pitching a paper plan for the machine to about 20 potential customers. IBM expected maybe 5 orders but secured 18. The machine rented for $12,000 to $18,000 per month, super huge money then, aimed at massive, specialized uses like atomic research or military simulations.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;So the &amp;#039;five computers&amp;#039; line? It&amp;#039;s not a wild underestimate from Watson Sr., it&amp;#039;s a mangled version of Watson Jr&amp;#039;s realistic sales forecast for one big, room-sized machine in the early computer dawn.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Why It Matters Today**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The quote endures because it&amp;#039;s a perfect anecdote for tech talks, books, and TED-style presentations about innovation&amp;#039;s unpredictability. Myths persist and they make good anecdotes for stories about entrepreneurs.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Dig deeper, trust less, in a world with billions of devices, the real market is for debunking Urban legends.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;Kbtr88NL9GQ |IBM: The Fake ‘Five Computers’ Quote That Fit the Story Too Well}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**IBM: The Story People Believed | The trilogy is complete.**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**[[IBM-The-Story-People-Believed | IBM: The Story People Believed ]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 21:13:54 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>visionary</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/visionary</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 00:42&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Greatest Geek Visionaries ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Anything one man can imagine other men can make real**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the modern media of the 21st century people often complain that the news seems to focus on problems rather than solutions. As we study geek history, we find many examples of the news media telling what can&amp;#039;t be done while someone was in the process of showing us what is possible.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Transmit speech electrically? Who would believe it?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1870s there were three different inventors working on the technology to transmit speech electrically that would become our telephone system.&amp;#160; Thankfully they did not believe what they read in the newspaper back then.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 an editorial in the Boston Post stated that, &amp;quot;Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be of no practical value.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;A New York news item from 1868 reports, &amp;quot;A man has been arrested in New York for attempting to extort funds from ignorant and superstitious people by exhibiting a device which he says will convey the human voice any distance over metallic wires so that it will be heard by the listener at the other end. He calls this instrument a telephone. Well-informed people know that it is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;We&amp;#039;ll talk about those inventors who did the impossible in an upcoming chapter.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Jules Verne was a true visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ :verne_geekweb2.jpg?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There were many people who could look into the future and see what was possible, such as a true visionary Jules Verne, who was quoted in 1865 as saying, &amp;quot;In spite of the opinions of certain narrow-minded people who would shut up the human race upon this globe, we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars with the same facility, rapidity and certainty as we now make the ocean voyage from Liverpool to New York.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;You will usually find the biography of Jules Verne describing him as a 19th century French author, not a scientist or an engineer.&amp;#160; In many ways Jules Verne was as much a true inventor and visionary as others from his time period who we would call scientists.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1865 Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; told the story of three men who launched a space capsule from Florida in order to visit the moon and return to earth. The space capsule also performs a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on the return trip.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind Verne was a 19th century French author living in France, but he correctly predicted the first manned mission to the moon would launch from Florida a century before NASA and anything space related existed in America.&amp;#160; Verne&amp;#039;s novel, &amp;quot;From the Earth to the Moon,&amp;quot; contained many strikingly similar details to the 1969 NASA Apollo 11 mission, which launched a space capsule containing three men that would visit the moon and return to earth with a splashdown landing in the Pacific Ocean.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In Jules Verne&amp;#039;s 1872 novel A Journey to the Center of the Earth, the narrator tells of a brilliant portable battery lamp used by the underground explorers. The device was powered by a Ruhmkorf coil; a high voltage buzzer-type induction coil popular among early electrical experimenters.&amp;#160; Verne was drawing upon experimental knowledge of his day for what he calls this ingenious application of electricity to practical purposes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the visionary story published in the 1870s, &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,&amp;quot; Jules Verne describes an electric powered submarine he called the Nautilus. The Nautilus is designed and commanded by Captain Nemo in Verne&amp;#039;s book.&amp;#160; Electricity is provided by sodium mercury electric batteries. The energy needed to extract the sodium is provided by coal mined from the sea floor. Jules Verne&amp;#039;s concept of using sodium and mercury for batteries in his novel &amp;quot;Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea&amp;quot; laid the groundwork for modern sodium-ion batteries.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind, Jules Verne was not a scientist or an engineer, he was a 19th century French writer living in France.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Leonardo da Vinci the greatest geek visionary**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ ::davincivisionary.jpg|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a geek myself I am totally fascinated by the long list of things Leonardo Da Vinci worked on as a civil engineer.&amp;#160; Quoting from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers article, &amp;quot; He studied and designed war instruments such as tanks, catapults, submarines, machine guns, and other weapons. He also focused on mechanics of levers, gears, cranes, hydraulics, ball bearings, bicycles, and flying machines. He displayed civil engineering talents as well, with geometry studies and architectural designs of domed churches, fortresses, and canals.&amp;quot;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a famous letter to the Duke of Milan in 1483. It was basically a job application and cover letter combined.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Leonardo Da Vinci boasted: &amp;quot;In case of a siege, I know how to dry up the water of the moats and how to construct an infinite number of bridges, covered ways, scaling ladders, and other machines for this type of enterprise.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the greatest visionary to have ever lived. Leonardo saw the possibilities of flying machines in the 1500s, and designed in theory many examples of flying machines, centuries before the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;For centuries the fame of Leonardo rested on his achievements as a painter, with the creation of the Last Supper, painting the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan, and the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa.&amp;#160; His artistic creations and career in art alone is enough for Leonardo to be a legend.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci&amp;#039;s anatomical drawings are far ahead of their time. His studies and detailed drawings of the human skeleton, internal organs, muscular system are beyond belief.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keep in mind we are talking about a man who lived in the 1500s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci defines the term Renaissance Man. You would be hard pressed to come up with a name of a person who was as accomplished in as many different fields as Leonardo da Vinci.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Visionaries see the possibilities**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ youtube&amp;gt;FvGRXv0WVsQ |They Saw the Future... And Skeptics Laughed}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In upcoming chapters we&amp;#039;ll talk about the visionaries that created today&amp;#039;s internet. Many people point to an article published in 1945, &amp;quot;As We May Think&amp;quot; by Vannevar Bush, as the earliest published vision of the concept of hypertext and the world wide web.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although Vannevar Bush was contemplating the aftermath of World War II, it took the Russians launching spy satellite Sputnik in 1957, and the fear of World War III, before the highway system of the ARPAnet was built in the 1960s. As the ARPAnet evolved into the internet, a world wide web of documents could now be implemented. Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML, and the vision of Vannevar Bush became the world wide web.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;** [[inventors | The greatest inventors and technology innovators]]**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:43:08 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>when-was-internet-invented-and-who-invented-internet</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/when-was-internet-invented-and-who-invented-internet</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/06/10 18:24&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== When was internet invented? Who invented the internet? ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the case of the internet, and various internet technologies, they were not conceptualized in a single invention or event, but have evolved over time as the result of many events. The creation of the internet is the work of many visionaries that we discuss here at Geek History.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;If you study the history of the United States in the 1960s, you will see the unlikely cold war partnership that created the internet as ground breaking as the technology they were creating. On one hand you had the California universities full of college students organizing demonstrations protesting against the Vietnam war. You would not think the universities would see the military as their friend. But on the other hand you have various projects funded by ARPA (the Department of Defense) using these same universities to research the concepts that would create the framework for the ARPAnet.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are many facets of the internet that were unprecedented. University geeks using Department of Defense money to create a world wide communications network, with parts and accessories being built by American companies. The creation of the internet shows what is possible when the government, the academic world, and business, join forces and work together. It brought together very different people to work for one common mission.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The concept of a &amp;quot;world wide web&amp;quot; to be built upon the internet was not the improvement on any existing idea, because anything world wide was pretty non existent the 1950s.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;==== When was internet invented? ====&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;To answer the question when internet was invented, we need to put the question into perspective. Many people use the term internet interchangeably with &amp;quot;the web&amp;quot; or world wide web. The internet is the information super highway, the infrastructure on which we travel. HTML and Web browsers make up the world wide web, the vehicle we use to travel on the highway.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Internet we know today was not developed from a single network that simply grew and grew, it was an evolution of many different communications and technology tools coming together. In the 1960s the ARPAnet went from one man&amp;#039;s vision to a functional computer network that would grow into the internet as we know it today. In the 1980s internet protocols became the universal language of computers that the internet currently uses.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The development of HTML and web browsers in the 1990s led to the system we now call the world wide web.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;==== Who invented the internet? ====&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are many key players in this evolution of many different communications and technology tools coming together, to give any single person credit for inventing the internet does not do justice to the many contributions that all were so significant.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;There are so many urban legends and so much folklore surrounding the internet. Often a story is told regarding the birth of the internet implying it was created by a single event or a single person&amp;#039;s vision.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In the 1960s the vision of a worldwide network of computers by Dr. J.C.R. Licklider would lead to the ARPANET. In the paper “Man-Computer Symbiosis,” published in 1960, Licklider provided a guide for decades of computer research to follow. Larry Roberts, the principal architect of the ARPANET, would give credit to Licklider&amp;#039;s vision.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the key differences between communications before the internet to the way information flowed with the new standards known as Internet Protocol is the concept of packet switching. In the 1960s, Paul Baran and the RAND Corporation&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;On Distributed Communications&amp;quot; defined the concept of packet switching as an integral part of the new technology that would become the internet. Baran&amp;#039;s concept of packet switching allowed for a system that could route traffic around an area if there was a problem, packets would simply be routed around it.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The next phase in the evolution of the Internet would be the work of Bob Kahn and Vinton Cerf during the 1970s to create TCP/IP.  This new standard set of rules would enable different types of computers, with different hardware and software platforms, to communicate in spite of their differences.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The creation of the internet is the work of many visionaries that we we discuss here at Geek History. In the stories that follow, Geek History explores who invented the internet and the many technology pioneers that are responsible for this vast telecommunications system.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;----&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Keywords: internet, WWW, world wide web, inventors, inventions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Description: Geek History explores who invented the internet and the many technology pioneers that are responsible for this vast telecommunications system&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Soviet Sputnik spurs American technology research 1957&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Internet History 1960s: J.C.R. Licklider guides ARPA Vision&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Internet History 1960s: Paul Baran developed packet switching&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Internet History 1970s: Bob Kahn and Vinton Cerf Internet Protocol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Internet History 1990s: Who invented the world wide web?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Internet History 1990s: Marc Andreessen wrote Mosaic Web browser&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;http://geekhistory.com/content/when-was-internet-invented-and-who-invented-internet&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 12:53:54 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>who-invented-television-philo-farnsworth-versus-sarnoff-and-zworykin</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/who-invented-television-philo-farnsworth-versus-sarnoff-and-zworykin</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/03/12 00:27&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Who invented Television: David Sarnoff and RCA versus Philo Farnsworth&amp;#160; ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;{{ ::tvmuseum.jpg?400 |}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Business visionary David Sarnoff with Russian American scientist Vladimir Zworykin introduced electronic television to the world in the 1930s&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;---&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Who invented Television Philo Farnsworth versus Sarnoff and Zworykin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The invention of television was the work of many inventors over several decades, as we discussed in our previous article. Turning the vision of the television as an invention into a real commercial product that occupied American homes was the work of business visionary David Sarnoff with the help of Russian American scientist Vladimir Zworykin.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Scientist and inventor Vladimir Zworykin**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;As a young engineering student, Vladimir Zworykin worked for Russian scientist and inventor Boris Rosing and assisted him in some of his laboratory work at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology in Russia. Following the Russian Revolution, Zworykin moved to the United States in 1919.&amp;#160; Zworykin found work with Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Pittsburgh. Based on their pioneering efforts in radio, he tried to convince them to do research in television.&amp;#160; His work on television resulted in two patent applications. The first, entitled &amp;quot;Television Systems&amp;quot; was filed on December 29, 1923, and was followed by a second application in 1925 that was awarded in 1928.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Zworykin applied to the physics department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1924. Due to his previous credited work Zworykin received his Ph.D. only two years later upon completion of his dissertation on the improvement of photoelectric cells.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Zworykin demonstrated his invention for television to Westinghouse executives in 1925. According to Zworykin himself his demonstration, was “scarcely impressive.” The Westinghouse executives suggested that Zworykin should spend his time on more practical endeavors.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Business visionary David Sarnoff**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1917, General Electric purchased the American branch of the Marconi Company and combined its radio patents to form a new company called the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Russian born David Sarnoff was promoted to General Manager of RCA in 1921 and was given full authority to run the company. In the 1920s David Sarnoff of RCA had the vision of developing television.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In 1929, Zworykin invented the all electric camera tube. Zworykin called his tube the Iconoscope &amp;quot;a viewer of icons&amp;quot;. He demonstrated both the iconoscope and kinescope to the Institute of Radio Engineers. The Iconoscope tube could produce good pictures with a reasonable amount of light.&amp;#160; In attendance at the demonstration was David Sarnoff of RCA. Sarnoff recruited Zworykin to develop television for RCA, and put Zworykin in charge of television development for RCA at their laboratories in Camden, New Jersey.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;David Sarnoff realized the potential of television, and poured huge resources into its development, even during the lean years of the depression. RCA introduced electronic television to the U. S. at the 1939 World&amp;#039;s Fair, and began regularly scheduled broadcasting at the same time.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Philo T. Farnsworth fights the war over television**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When I was young my encyclopedia told me that Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of television. For many years I took it as a fact that Zworykin invented television. Thanks to the commercialization of the internet, years later I found a whole new world of information, and discovered that the invention of television was not a simple question to answer, and learned of a battle by the followers of Philo T Farnsworth to promote his cause as the inventor of television.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Philo T. Farnsworth was a Mormon farmer who lived in Utah, not exactly the place for the hot bed of technology. In 1922, a young Farnsworth filled several blackboards in his chemistry class with sketches and diagrams showing his high school science teacher his idea for an electronic television system. Farnsworth received a patent for his television system raised money from friends to build his invention. Many years later that high school teacher would testify in court what he saw on the blackboards of the school, in support of Farnsworth&amp;#039;s claims.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;David Sarnoff offered to buy Farnsworth&amp;#039;s patents in 1931, with the condition that Farnsworth become an employee of RCA. Farnsworth refused Sarnoff&amp;#039;s offer, and spent much of the next several years fighting David Sarnoff and RCA in the court room over television patents.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;When other developers and their patents got in Sarnoff’s way, he fought them hard. Philo T. Farnsworth was one of the few who stood up to Sarnoff and won.&amp;#160; Farnsworth eventually prevailed as RCA finally conceded to a multi-year licensing agreement with Farnsworth.&amp;#160; But Sarnoff and RCA would grab the spotlight as RCA introduced electronic television to the world at New York World&amp;#039;s Fair 1939.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Who knows of Farnsworth?**&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Even though Farnsworth won the battle, defeating RCA in court to uphold his patent claims, he lost the war as the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation never took off. Farnsworth sold his company to International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) in 1951. Most people have heard of RCA (Radio Corporation of America), they went on to be a large and profitable company. Farnsworth&amp;#039;s family continues to promote his name, and his claim to the invention of television.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;**Zworykin always the scientist. **&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Decades before NASA landed a man of the moon Vladimir Zworykin talked about the scientific discoveries that could be shared on television, stating that “You can see the opposite side of the moon if someone sends a rocket there with a television camera. &amp;quot; In a 1975 interview Zworykin said he was disappointed with the outcome of television. &amp;quot;Yes. I am not presently satisfied with the programs.... Our programs are commercial, and therefore the income from broadcasting depends upon the number of people viewing. By taking surveys of this, right or wrong, they conclude that lower quality programs appeal to more people.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;In their roles at RCA, it was clear that Sarnoff was the visionary businessman and Zworykin was always the scientist. Compared to Microsoft as the 800 pound gorilla of technology of the 1990s, RCA was the 800 pound gorilla of technology of the 1930s. There have been comparisons made to David Sarnoff of RCA as a driving force to establish the dominance of his company in the development of television to that of Bill Gates of Microsoft and his obsession to have Internet Explorer win the browser wars.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;{{ ::tvwars800.png?400|}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Although many people have called Vladimir Zworykin the Father of Television, Zworykin himself always said that television was the creation of hundreds of inventors and researchers. Zworykin seemed not only to be uncomfortable with being called the Father of Television, he also seemed to be unhappy with what became of his work.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Screen capture and cropped by Tom Peracchio from 1956 RCA promotional film about television tracing scientific development of electronic television systems from 1920s to 1950s. Vladimir Zworykin (left) and RCA Chairman David Sarnoff (right) recount early research&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:27:57 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>who-invented-world-wide-web</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/who-invented-world-wide-web</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/06/10 18:24&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Minedrop — захватывающий слот в стиле Minecraft!&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Копайте блоки, собирайте ресурсы и выигрывайте крупные призы.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Уникальная механика падающих&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;символов создаёт цепочки побед слоты казино с майнкрафтом.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Погрузитесь в пиксельный мир приключений и богатств!&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 01:35:59 +0000</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>why-was-internet-created-1957-sputnik-launches-arpa</title>
            <link>http://geekhistory.com/content/why-was-internet-created-1957-sputnik-launches-arpa</link>
            <description>&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;2026/06/10 18:24&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;current&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;diff-blockheader&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;====== Why was the internet created? 1957: Sputnik launches ARPA ======&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;One of the most often debated questions is what the original reason for was creating the internet. The answer to the question is often slanted by the geography of who is telling the story.&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;1957: Sputnik launches ARPA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;With the Soviet Union&amp;#039;s launching of Sputnik, the first orbiting satellite, in 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to address the needs of technology research and development.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;While many people contributed to the creation of the internet along the way, many of the early contributors to the internet were working on the project on behalf of ARPA.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The catalyst for the creation of ARPA was the launch of Sputnik, along with the tensions of the cold war in 1957. The goal of ARPA was to address the technology needs of the U.S Department of Defense. ARPA would be the parent of the computer network of the ARPAnet.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;According to the DARPA website: (link is external)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;For more than fifty years, DARPA has held to a singular and enduring mission: to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;The genesis of that mission and of DARPA itself dates to the launch of Sputnik in 1957, and a commitment by the United States that, from that time forward, it would be the initiator and not the victim of strategic technological surprises.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Is it ARPA or DARPA that created the ARPANET&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Throughout this section on the history of the internet we refer to the parent of the internet as ARPA because the computer network that gave birth to the internet was the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). Initially called the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the agency is currently called the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). What makes the situation more confusing is that ARPA was renamed to DARPA in March 1972, then renamed ARPA in February 1993, and then renamed DARPA again in March 1996. Regardless of the name changes ARPA has always been an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;1960s Ideas shaped by the Cold War&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;//&amp;lt;ADDED &amp;gt;// One of the crazy thoughts that came out of ARPA was a fault tolerance global communications network.&amp;#160; Sure we had telephones and radio, they served the purpose of communications.&amp;#160; But the vision was on a much grander scale. Think tanks like RAND contemplated a world wide network of communications that was fault tolerant, that could possibly survive a world war. The Department of Defense was funding the ARPAnet, the communications network that evolved into the internet. //&amp;lt;ADDED &amp;gt;//&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The RAND Corporation was founded after the second world war as a research agency for the United States armed forces by Douglas Aircraft Company. RAND became an independent, nonprofit organization, that focused mostly on cold war related military issues.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;According to the RAND website on Paul Baran and the Origins of the Internet: (link is external)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;In 1962, a nuclear confrontation seemed imminent. The United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were embroiled in the Cuban missile crisis. Both the US and the USSR were in the process of building hair-trigger nuclear ballistic missile systems. Each country pondered post-nuclear attack scenarios.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;A looming concern was that neither the long-distance telephone plant, nor the basic military command and control network would survive a nuclear attack.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;According to their website RAND is the first organization to be called a &amp;quot;think tank.&amp;quot; The RAND name originated as a contraction of Research and Development. RAND continues to operate today as a nonprofit research and analysis institution across a broad range of subjects.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;While some people still debate whether the original purpose of the internet was for the military, the internet was originally conceived by the RAND Corporation, a think tank that focused mostly on cold war related military issues as RAND pondered post-nuclear attack scenarios&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Why was the internet created?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;The Internet Society denies that the Internet was created to survive a nuclear attack. In the footnotes of the Internet Society &amp;quot;Brief History of the Internet&amp;quot; (link is external) they state: &amp;quot;It was from the RAND study that the false rumor started claiming that the ARPANET was somehow related to building a network resistant to nuclear war. This was never true of the ARPANET, only the unrelated RAND study on secure voice considered nuclear war.&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;But the February 1993 article on the Internet Society website &amp;quot;Short History of the Internet by Bruce Sterling&amp;quot; (link is external)begins with the following paragraph:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Some thirty years ago, the RAND Corporation, America&amp;#039;s foremost Cold War think-tank, faced a strange strategic problem. How could the US authorities successfully communicate after a nuclear war?&amp;quot;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;Various RAND and DARPA statements connecting early Internet projects to cold war fears and the desire to survive a nuclear attack are stated on their website, not part an isolated study.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ADDED&amp;gt;/&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;I grew up in the fields of telecommunications and computer networking, my personal studies of inventor and inventions are in the areas of telecommunications and computer networking technology, so some people might say that my perspective is accordingly biased to relate personal experiences and observations in those areas. Maybe it is not politically correct to say the catalyst for the creation of the Internet was part of post-nuclear attack scenarios, but statements made by RAND and DARPA regarding the mission of the early internet pioneers make it easy to draw that conclusion.&amp;#160; / &amp;lt;ADDED&amp;gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-addedline&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-lineheader&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-context&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
            <author>anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 13:22:15 +0000</pubDate>
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