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+====== Greatest Geek Visionaries ======
+**Anything one man can imagine other men can make real**
+In the modern media of the 21st century people often complain that the news seems to focus on problems rather than solutions. As we study geek history, we find many examples of the news media telling what can't be done while someone was in the process of showing us what is possible.
+**Transmit speech electrically? Who would believe it?**
+In the 1870s there were three different inventors working on the technology to transmit speech electrically that would become our telephone system.  Thankfully they did not believe what they read in the newspaper back then.
+In 1865 an editorial in the Boston Post stated that, "Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be of no practical value."
+A New York news item from 1868 reports, "A man has been arrested in New York for attempting to extort funds from ignorant and superstitious people by exhibiting a device which he says will convey the human voice any distance over metallic wires so that it will be heard by the listener at the other end. He calls this instrument a telephone. Well-informed people know that it is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires."
+We'll talk about those inventors who did the impossible in an upcoming chapter.
+**Jules Verne was a true visionary**
+{{ :verne_geekweb2.jpg?400|}}
+There were many people who could look into the future and see what was possible, such as a true visionary Jules Verne, who was quoted in 1865 as saying, "In spite of the opinions of certain narrow-minded people who would shut up the human race upon this globe, we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars with the same facility, rapidity and certainty as we now make the ocean voyage from Liverpool to New York."
+You will usually find the biography of Jules Verne describing him as a 19th century French author, not a scientist or an engineer.  In many ways Jules Verne was as much a true inventor and visionary as others from his time period who we would call scientists.
+In 1865 Verne's novel, "From the Earth to the Moon," told the story of three men who launched a space capsule from Florida in order to visit the moon and return to earth. The space capsule also performs a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on the return trip.
+Keep in mind Verne was a 19th century French author living in France, but he correctly predicted the first manned mission to the moon would launch from Florida a century before NASA and anything space related existed in America.  Verne's novel, "From the Earth to the Moon," contained many strikingly similar details to the 1969 NASA Apollo 11 mission, which launched a space capsule containing three men that would visit the moon and return to earth with a splashdown landing in the Pacific Ocean.
+In Jules Verne's 1872 novel A Journey to the Center of the Earth, the narrator tells of a brilliant portable battery lamp used by the underground explorers. The device was powered by a Ruhmkorf coil; a high voltage buzzer-type induction coil popular among early electrical experimenters.  Verne was drawing upon experimental knowledge of his day for what he calls this ingenious application of electricity to practical purposes.
+In the visionary story published in the 1870s, "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea," Jules Verne describes an electric powered submarine he called the Nautilus. The Nautilus is designed and commanded by Captain Nemo in Verne's book.  Electricity is provided by sodium mercury electric batteries. The energy needed to extract the sodium is provided by coal mined from the sea floor. Jules Verne's concept of using sodium and mercury for batteries in his novel "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" laid the groundwork for modern sodium-ion batteries.
+Keep in mind, Jules Verne was not a scientist or an engineer, he was a 19th century French writer living in France.
+**Leonardo da Vinci the greatest geek visionary**
+{{ ::davincivisionary.jpg|}}
+As a geek myself I am totally fascinated by the long list of things Leonardo Da Vinci worked on as a civil engineer.  Quoting from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers article, " He studied and designed war instruments such as tanks, catapults, submarines, machine guns, and other weapons. He also focused on mechanics of levers, gears, cranes, hydraulics, ball bearings, bicycles, and flying machines. He displayed civil engineering talents as well, with geometry studies and architectural designs of domed churches, fortresses, and canals."
+Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a famous letter to the Duke of Milan in 1483. It was basically a job application and cover letter combined.   Leonardo Da Vinci boasted: "In case of a siege, I know how to dry up the water of the moats and how to construct an infinite number of bridges, covered ways, scaling ladders, and other machines for this type of enterprise."
+Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the greatest visionary to have ever lived. Leonardo saw the possibilities of flying machines in the 1500s, and designed in theory many examples of flying machines, centuries before the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history.
+For centuries the fame of Leonardo rested on his achievements as a painter, with the creation of the Last Supper, painting the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan, and the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa.  His artistic creations and career in art alone is enough for Leonardo to be a legend.
+Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical drawings are far ahead of their time. His studies and detailed drawings of the human skeleton, internal organs, muscular system are beyond belief.
+Keep in mind we are talking about a man who lived in the 1500s.
+Leonardo da Vinci defines the term Renaissance Man. You would be hard pressed to come up with a name of a person who was as accomplished in as many different fields as Leonardo da Vinci.
+**Visionaries see the possibilities**
+{{ youtube>FvGRXv0WVsQ |They Saw the Future... And Skeptics Laughed}}
+In upcoming chapters we'll talk about the visionaries that created today's internet. Many people point to an article published in 1945, "As We May Think" by Vannevar Bush, as the earliest published vision of the concept of hypertext and the world wide web.
+Although Vannevar Bush was contemplating the aftermath of World War II, it took the Russians launching spy satellite Sputnik in 1957, and the fear of World War III, before the highway system of the ARPAnet was built in the 1960s. As the ARPAnet evolved into the internet, a world wide web of documents could now be implemented. Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML, and the vision of Vannevar Bush became the world wide web.
+Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it
+** [[inventors | The greatest inventors and technology innovators]]**

Sorry if some of the pages having missing graphics or a bookmarked page is missing. We are migrating our site over to DokuWiki from Drupal. The last major overhaul of our site was in 2016, and we were due for some freshening up.

The collection of material for the study of geek history dates back to my early days in technology as far back as the 1970s. You will find specific footnotes and references on many pages with links to current websites. Anytime a claim is made, or a fact is stated from a website or blog that does not appear to have firsthand knowledge of the subject I make a note to follow up on it. I can assure you that anything I have written is based on verification of facts from a source as close to the events and individuals as possible or multiple sources of information from leading publications or references.

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